Biomaterial Database

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges. 2021

Shivkanya Fuloria, and Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, and Rajiv Dahiya, and Sunita Dahiya, and Kalvatala Sudhakar, and Usha Kumari, and Kathiresan Sathasivam, and Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi, and Yuan Seng Wu, and Mahendran Sekar, and Rishabha Malviya, and Amit Singh, and Neeraj Kumar Fuloria

Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia.

Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.