Targeting Epigenetic Regulators for Endometrial Cancer Therapy: Its Molecular Biology and Potential Clinical Applications. 2021

Futaba Inoue, and Kenbun Sone, and Yusuke Toyohara, and Yu Takahashi, and Asako Kukita, and Aki Hara, and Ayumi Taguchi, and Michihiro Tanikawa, and Tetsushi Tsuruga, and Yutaka Osuga
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, its prognosis in advanced stages is poor, and there are only few available treatment options when it recurs. Epigenetic changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, have been studied for the last two decades. Epigenetic dysregulation is often reported in the development and progression of various cancers. Recently, epigenetic changes in endometrial cancer have also been discussed. In this review, we give the main points of the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in endometrial cancer, the diagnostic tools to determine these modifications, and inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators that are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008745 Methylation Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Methylations
D009364 Neoplasm Recurrence, Local The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site. Local Neoplasm Recurrence,Local Neoplasm Recurrences,Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrence,Neoplasm Recurrence, Locoregional,Neoplasm Recurrences, Local,Recurrence, Local Neoplasm,Recurrence, Locoregional Neoplasm,Recurrences, Local Neoplasm,Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrences,Neoplasm Recurrences, Locoregional,Recurrences, Locoregional Neoplasm
D005260 Female Females
D005786 Gene Expression Regulation Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation. Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D006657 Histones Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each. Histone,Histone H1,Histone H1(s),Histone H2a,Histone H2b,Histone H3,Histone H3.3,Histone H4,Histone H5,Histone H7
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000081204 Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing A technique for identifying the BINDING SITES on nucleic acid sequences that are associated with binding proteins. ATAC-Seq,Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin Using Sequencing,CLIP-Seq,ChIA-PET,ChIP Sequencing,ChIP-Chip,ChIP-Exo,ChIP-Exonuclease,ChIP-PET,ChIP-Seq,Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation Paired-End Tag,Chromatin Immuno-precipitation Sequencing,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Paired-End Tag,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing-Chip,Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation Followed by Deep Sequencing,HITS-CLIP,High-Throughput Sequencing of RNA Isolated by Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation,Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin Using Sequencing,ChIP Exonuclease,Chromatin Immuno Precipitation Paired End Tag,Chromatin Immuno precipitation Sequencing,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Paired End Tag,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Chip,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing-Chips,Cross Linking and Immunoprecipitation Followed by Deep Sequencing,High Throughput Sequencing of RNA Isolated by Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation,Sequencing, ChIP,Sequencing, Chromatin Immuno-precipitation,Sequencing, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
D000107 Acetylation Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed) Acetylations
D016889 Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. Cancer of Endometrium,Endometrial Cancer,Endometrial Carcinoma,Cancer of the Endometrium,Carcinoma of Endometrium,Endometrium Cancer,Neoplasms, Endometrial,Cancer, Endometrial,Cancer, Endometrium,Cancers, Endometrial,Cancers, Endometrium,Carcinoma, Endometrial,Carcinomas, Endometrial,Endometrial Cancers,Endometrial Carcinomas,Endometrial Neoplasm,Endometrium Cancers,Endometrium Carcinoma,Endometrium Carcinomas,Neoplasm, Endometrial
D044127 Epigenesis, Genetic A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression. Epigenetic Processes,Epigenetic Process,Epigenetics Processes,Genetic Epigenesis,Process, Epigenetic,Processes, Epigenetic,Processes, Epigenetics

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