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The unfertilized eggs of sand-dollars (Scaphechinus mirabilis) were treated with local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine, trimecaine) or phorbol ester for 10 min. The treatment with the local anesthetics increased pH of the cytoplasm in the unfertilized eggs (pHc) and changed the value of the pHc increment in response to fertilization, as compared with the control eggs. In the treated embryos, the onset of immigration of the primary mesenchyme cells was delayed but the hatching was accelerated. The phorbol ester treatment rapidly accelerated development from gastrulation on and practically did not affect the preceding stages.
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