Symmetric Nucleosides as Potent Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors. 2021

Pradeep Pant, and Amita Pathak, and B Jayaram
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.

Nucleic acids are one of the most enigmatic biomolecules crucial to several biological processes. Nucleic acid-protein interactions are vital for the coordinated and controlled functioning of a cell, leading to the design of several nucleoside/nucleotide analogues capable of mimicking these interactions and hold paramount importance in the field of drug discovery. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is a well-established drug target due to its association with numerous immunodeficiency diseases. Here, we study the binding of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) to some bidirectional symmetric nucleosides, a class of nucleoside analogues that are more flexible due to the absence of sugar pucker restraints. We compared the binding energies of PNP-symmetric nucleosides to the binding energies of PNP-inosine/Imm-H (a transition-state analogue), by means of 200 ns long all-atom explicit-solvent Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations followed by energetics estimation using the MM-PBSA methodology. Quite interestingly, we observed that a few symmetric nucleosides, namely, ν3 and ν4, showed strong binding with PNP (-14.1 and -12.6 kcal/mol, respectively), higher than inosine (-6.3 kcal/mol) and Imm-H (-9.6 kcal/mol). This is rationalized by an enhanced hydrogen-bond network for symmetric nucleosides compared to inosine and Imm-H while maintaining similar van der Waals contacts. We note that the chemical structures of both ν3 and ν4, due to an additional unsaturation in them, resemble enzymatic transition states and fall in the category of transition-state analogues (TSAs), which are quite popular.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009705 Nucleosides Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Nucleoside,Nucleoside Analog,Nucleoside Analogs,Analog, Nucleoside,Analogs, Nucleoside
D011683 Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between a purine nucleoside and orthophosphate to form a free purine plus ribose-5-phosphate. EC 2.4.2.1. Inosine Phosphorylase,Nicotinamide Riboside Phosphorylase,Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylases,Nucleoside Phosphorylases, Purine,Phosphorylase, Inosine,Phosphorylase, Nicotinamide Riboside,Phosphorylase, Purine-Nucleoside,Phosphorylases, Purine Nucleoside,Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase,Riboside Phosphorylase, Nicotinamide
D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006860 Hydrogen Bonding A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds. Hydrogen Bonds,Bond, Hydrogen,Hydrogen Bond

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