Age estimates from brain magnetic resonance images of children younger than two years of age using deep learning. 2021

Masahiro Kawaguchi, and Hiroyuki Kidokoro, and Rintaro Ito, and Anna Shiraki, and Takeshi Suzuki, and Yuki Maki, and Masaharu Tanaka, and Yoko Sakaguchi, and Hiroyuki Yamamoto, and Yosiyuki Takahashi, and Shinji Naganawa, and Jun Natsume
Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

The accuracy of brain age estimates from magnetic resonance (MR) images has improved with the advent of deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) models. However, most previous studies on predicting age emphasized aging from childhood to adulthood and old age, and few studies have focused on early brain development in children younger than 2 years of age. Here, we performed brain age estimates based on MR images in children younger than 2 years of age using deep learning. Our AI model, developed with one slice each of raw T1- and T2-weighted images from each subject, estimated brain age with a mean absolute error of 8.2 weeks (1.9 months). The estimates of our AI model were close to those of human specialists. The AI model also estimated the brain age of subjects with a myelination delay as significantly younger than the chronological age. These results indicate that the prediction accuracy of our AI model approached that of human specialists and that our simple method requiring less data and preprocessing facilitates a radiological assessment of brain development, such as monitoring maturational changes in myelination.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D008279 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D001921 Brain The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM. Encephalon
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077321 Deep Learning Supervised or unsupervised machine learning methods that use multiple layers of data representations generated by nonlinear transformations, instead of individual task-specific ALGORITHMS, to build and train neural network models. Hierarchical Learning,Learning, Deep,Learning, Hierarchical
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D001185 Artificial Intelligence Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language. AI (Artificial Intelligence),Computer Reasoning,Computer Vision Systems,Knowledge Acquisition (Computer),Knowledge Representation (Computer),Machine Intelligence,Computational Intelligence,Acquisition, Knowledge (Computer),Computer Vision System,Intelligence, Artificial,Intelligence, Computational,Intelligence, Machine,Knowledge Representations (Computer),Reasoning, Computer,Representation, Knowledge (Computer),System, Computer Vision,Systems, Computer Vision,Vision System, Computer,Vision Systems, Computer
D016571 Neural Networks, Computer A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming. Computational Neural Networks,Connectionist Models,Models, Neural Network,Neural Network Models,Neural Networks (Computer),Perceptrons,Computational Neural Network,Computer Neural Network,Computer Neural Networks,Connectionist Model,Model, Connectionist,Model, Neural Network,Models, Connectionist,Network Model, Neural,Network Models, Neural,Network, Computational Neural,Network, Computer Neural,Network, Neural (Computer),Networks, Computational Neural,Networks, Computer Neural,Networks, Neural (Computer),Neural Network (Computer),Neural Network Model,Neural Network, Computational,Neural Network, Computer,Neural Networks, Computational,Perceptron

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