Biomaterial Database

Some pharmacokinetic observations of carbadox medication in pigs. 1988

G J de Graaf, and L P Jager, and A J Baars, and T J Spierenburg

Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands.

Concentrations of carbadox and a first metabolite, desoxycarbadox, were measured in contents of the porcine gastrointestinal tract after in-feed administration of carbadox in therapeutic dosages (100-150 ppm). The levels of carbadox in the relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract were found to be lower than the MIC-values reported for enteropathogenic microorganisms at their sites of action. The presented observations do not provide a pharmacological rationale for the therapeutic use of carbadox in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in swine. The carbadox levels encountered in the proximal part of the gut (stomach, duodenum) however, seem to indicate that in-feed administration of 50 ppm carbadox can provide an effective prophylaxis against Treponema hyodysenteriae, a causative agent in swine dysentery. The timecourse of the blood levels of carbadox and desoxycarbadox after in-feed administration of carbadox (50 ppm) and the concentration profiles in the gastrointestinal tract are discussed with regard to the disposition of this drug in pigs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011810	Quinoxalines		Quinoxaline
D002218	Carbadox	An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	Fortrigo,Getroxel,Mecadox
D004064	Digestive System	A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	Ailmentary System,Alimentary System
D005503	Food Additives	Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS.	Additive, Food,Additives, Food,Food Additive
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000821	Animal Feed	Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.	Fodder,Animal Feeds,Feed, Animal,Feeds, Animal,Fodders
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D014018	Tissue Distribution	Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.	Distribution, Tissue,Distributions, Tissue,Tissue Distributions