Osmolality of oral drug solutions and suspensions. 1988

R N Dickerson, and G Melnik
Pharmacy and Drug Information Service, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

The osmolality values of a variety of commonly used drug solutions and suspensions were determined. A total of 58 commercially available drug solutions and suspensions and electrolyte solutions for oral use were analyzed. Samples of each product were diluted 1:10 to a total volume of 100 microL with sterile water for irrigation and mixed thoroughly. The osmolality of 10-microL aliquots of each diluted mixture was determined at least in duplicate by vapor pressure osmometry. Only six (10%) of the products had osmolality values that were less than or equal to 1000 mOsm/kg (i.e., similar to the values of commercially available enteral formulas). The other products had osmolality values ranging from 1,050 to 10,950 mOsm/kg. Since many drug solutions and suspensions are hypertonic compared with normal gastrointestinal secretions, inappropriate administration could cause adverse gastrointestinal effects in patients receiving enteral nutrition support.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009994 Osmolar Concentration The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Ionic Strength,Osmolality,Osmolarity,Concentration, Osmolar,Concentrations, Osmolar,Ionic Strengths,Osmolalities,Osmolar Concentrations,Osmolarities,Strength, Ionic,Strengths, Ionic
D004364 Pharmaceutical Preparations Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form. Drug,Drugs,Pharmaceutical,Pharmaceutical Preparation,Pharmaceutical Product,Pharmaceutic Preparations,Pharmaceutical Products,Pharmaceuticals,Preparations, Pharmaceutical,Preparation, Pharmaceutical,Preparations, Pharmaceutic,Product, Pharmaceutical,Products, Pharmaceutical
D012996 Solutions The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solution
D013535 Suspensions Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions. Suspension

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