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Anterior Mediastinal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. 2021

Akira Ishikawa, and Kazuya Kuraoka, and Junichi Zaitsu, and Akihisa Saito, and Atsushi Kamigaichi, and Takeshi Mimura, and Yoshinori Yamashita, and Kiyomi Taniyama
Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan.

Primary mediastinal sarcomas are extremely rare. Additionally, mediastinal leiomyosarcomas account for approximately 9% of mediastinal sarcoma cases. Until date, only few cases of anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcomas have been reported. Herein, we report a case of an 85-year-old female with an anterior mediastinal mass of 15 mm. Histological examination revealed spindle tumor cells showing a fascicular growth pattern. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were focal positive for desmin, calponin, and α-smooth muscle actin. The pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. In conclusion, we encountered a case of a very rare leiomyosarcoma that occurred in the anterior mediastinum, and our report may contribute to the understanding of this disease.

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