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In a randomized double-blind study the effect of the addition of adrenaline to extradural diamorphine was assessed in 54 patients after Caesarean section. Patients received extradural diamorphine 5 mg in saline 10 ml with or without adrenaline 1 in 200,000 for postoperative pain relief. Analgesia was profound and of rapid onset in both groups. Duration of analgesia was greater in the adrenaline group (time to next analgesia 12.51 +/- 0.94 h, mean +/- SEM), than in the saline group (9.87 +/- 0.98 h) (P = 0.057). Analgesia was also more consistent in the adrenaline group, with 77% of patients having more than 8 h of good analgesia compared with 48% in the saline group (P less than 0.05). Plasma morphine concentrations, measured in 12 patients, were lower, although not significantly so, in the adrenaline group and mean time to peak concentration markedly delayed. No serious side effects were observed, but there was a higher incidence of vomiting in the adrenaline group.
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
December 1993,
British journal of anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
September 1997,
Anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
December 1998,
British journal of anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
December 1998,
British journal of anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
October 1998,
Anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
June 2001,
Anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
January 2001,
Anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
January 1982,
Anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
November 1979,
British journal of anaesthesia,
A J Semple, and
D J Macrae, and
S Munishankarappa, and
L M Burrow, and
M K Milne, and
I S Grant
February 1979,
British journal of anaesthesia,
