Biomaterial Database

Permeation of nickel through human skin in vitro--effect of vehicles. 1988

A Fullerton, and J R Andersen, and A Hoelgaard

Department of Pharmaceutics and Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen.

The effect of the vehicle on the permeation rate of nickel ions through excised human skin was evaluated. Different hydrogels were compared with the standard patch test in petrolatum. A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel seemed to be the most promising alternative to petrolatum. It gave high bioavailability of the nickel and had good film forming properties leaving the nickel spread across the skin surface as a thin film without microscopically detectable crystals. The content of nickel in the various skin layers after cutaneous application was determined, and nickel was found to accumulate in the epidermis, probably due to epidermal binding. A significant amount of nickel was found also in the dermis. Occlusion and application of higher nickel concentrations increased the transport rate and must be considered in patch testing using this hydrogel. We conclude that nickel permeation is highly dependent of the choice of vehicle and the vehicle should, therefore, be an important consideration in patch testing with nickel.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009532	Nickel	A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
D009779	Occlusive Dressings	Material, usually gauze or absorbent cotton, used to cover and protect wounds, to seal them from contact with air or bacteria. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	Bandages, Occlusive,Dressings, Occlusive,Dressings, Spray-On,Bandage, Occlusive,Dressing, Occlusive,Dressing, Spray-On,Dressings, Spray On,Occlusive Bandage,Occlusive Bandages,Occlusive Dressing,Spray-On Dressing,Spray-On Dressings
D010539	Permeability	Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.	Permeabilities
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012867	Skin	The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
D012869	Skin Absorption	Uptake of substances through the SKIN.	Absorption, Skin,Intracutaneous Absorption,Intradermal Absorption,Percutaneous Absorption,Transcutaneous Absorption,Transdermal Absorption,Absorption, Intracutaneous,Absorption, Intradermal,Absorption, Percutaneous,Absorption, Transcutaneous,Absorption, Transdermal,Absorptions, Intracutaneous,Absorptions, Intradermal,Absorptions, Percutaneous,Absorptions, Skin,Absorptions, Transcutaneous,Absorptions, Transdermal,Intracutaneous Absorptions,Intradermal Absorptions,Percutaneous Absorptions,Skin Absorptions,Transcutaneous Absorptions,Transdermal Absorptions
D014677	Pharmaceutical Vehicles	A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)	Pharmaceutical Vehicle,Vehicle, Pharmaceutical,Vehicles, Pharmaceutical
D066298	In Vitro Techniques	Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism.	In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In