This paper analyzes the severe challenges posed by the localization process in the internationalization of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion to Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion, and the ways to deal with the challenges. It is believed that the lack of deep understanding of the challenges in the process of internationalization of acupuncture and moxibustion is mainly due to the lack of knowledge structure of acupuncture and moxibustion, and the innovation of acupuncture and moxibustion teaching materials is the basis of effectively adjusting the knowledge structure. The direction of the reform of acupuncture and moxibustion teaching materials should separate the modern version of acupuncture and moxibustion that conforms to the nature of science and teach it in parallel with the traditional version of acupuncture and moxibustion. The development of modern acupuncture and moxibustion in line with the nature of science is not only an urgent need to meet the challenges of western acupuncture and moxibustion, but also an internal requirement for the development of acupuncture and moxibustion itself.