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This prospective study examined the incidence of mania or hypomania in 230 patients with recurrent depression treated with imipramine. Overall, only six individuals (2.6%) developed hypomania, representing 0.9% of those in the acute phase and 2.5% of those in the continuation phase of drug treatment. Patients with a history of bipolar II depression (N = 33) did not have a greater incidence of hypomania than those with unipolar depression (N = 197). Younger patients did not switch to hypomania more rapidly than older ones, and women were not more likely to switch than men. Systematic assessment of mania, stringent diagnostic criteria, and the recurrent nature of the sample may account for this low incidence of hypomania compared to that reported by other investigators.
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
January 1981,
The American journal of psychiatry,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
April 1990,
The Journal of family practice,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
June 2021,
Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina),
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
January 2005,
The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
October 1971,
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D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
December 2010,
Bipolar disorders,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
May 2004,
European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
March 1990,
The American journal of psychiatry,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
July 1988,
The American journal of psychiatry,
D J Kupfer, and
L L Carpenter, and
E Frank
June 2008,
Neuro endocrinology letters,
