Biomaterial Database

Interactions of paramagnetic contrast agents and the spin echo pulse sequence. 1988

P L Davis, and D L Parker, and J A Nelson, and J S Gillen, and V M Runge

Pittsburgh NMR Institute, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.

The theoretical equations for paramagnetic contrast agent effects and the spin echo pulse sequence are combined to graph magnetic resonance (MR) intensity as a function of paramagnetic contrast agent concentration for various tissues. Analysis of the graphs and equations demonstrate several technical and clinical implications. These include: (1) positive enhancement is most likely to occur with short TEs and TRs; (2) changes in machine parameters TE and TR will change the concentration of agent at which the peak enhancing MR intensity will occur; (3) there is an absolute maximum MR intensity that can be reached with contrast enhancement; (4) the maximum MR intensity reached with enhancement is dependent on the tissues' T2 and, to a lesser degree, T1 relaxation times; (5) certain TE and TR combinations will cause no enhancement; (6) if positive enhancement does occur, it will usually occur only over a limited range of agent concentration; and (7) the tissues' T1 relaxation time but not its T2 time determines whether positive enhancement will occur and the relative amount of enhancement.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008279	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.	Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D009942	Organometallic Compounds	A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Metallo-Organic Compound,Metallo-Organic Compounds,Metalloorganic Compound,Organometallic Compound,Metalloorganic Compounds,Compound, Metallo-Organic,Compound, Metalloorganic,Compound, Organometallic,Compounds, Metallo-Organic,Compounds, Metalloorganic,Compounds, Organometallic,Metallo Organic Compound,Metallo Organic Compounds
D003287	Contrast Media	Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.	Radiopaque Media,Contrast Agent,Contrast Agents,Contrast Material,Contrast Materials,Radiocontrast Agent,Radiocontrast Agents,Radiocontrast Media,Agent, Contrast,Agent, Radiocontrast,Agents, Contrast,Agents, Radiocontrast,Material, Contrast,Materials, Contrast,Media, Contrast,Media, Radiocontrast,Media, Radiopaque
D004369	Pentetic Acid	An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	DTPA,Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid,Pentetates,Penthanil,Ca-DTPA,CaDTPA,CaNa-DTPA,Calcium Trisodium Pentetate,DETAPAC,Indium-DTPA,Mn-Dtpa,Pentacin,Pentacine,Pentaind,Pentetate Calcium Trisodium,Pentetate Zinc Trisodium,Sn-DTPA,Zinc-DTPA,Indium DTPA,Pentaacetic Acid, Diethylenetriamine,Pentetate, Calcium Trisodium,Zinc DTPA
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D019786	Gadolinium DTPA	A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	Gadopentetate Dimeglumine,Gd-DTPA,Gadolinium DTPA Dimeglumine,Gadolinium DTPA Dimeglumine Salt,Gadolinium DTPA Disodium Salt,Gadolinium Diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic Acid,Gadopentetic Acid,Magnevist,Magnevist Enteral,Magnograf,Magnograf Enteral,DTPA, Gadolinium,Diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic Acid, Gadolinium,Dimeglumine, Gadolinium DTPA,Dimeglumine, Gadopentetate,Gadolinium Diethylenetriaminepenta acetic Acid,Gd DTPA