Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review). 2021

Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK.

Oesophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options, thus resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. With 5‑year survival rates of only 5‑10%, oesophageal cancer holds a dismal prognosis for patients. In order to improve overall survival, the early diagnosis and tools for patient stratification for personalized treatment are urgent needs. A minority of oesophageal cancers belong to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome‑associated cancers and are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellite instability is a consequence of defective mismatch repair protein functions and it has been well characterized in other gastrointestinal tumours, such as colorectal and gastric cancer. In the latter, high levels of MSI are associated with a better prognosis and with an increased benefit to immune‑based therapies. Therefore, similar therapeutic approaches could offer an opportunity of treatment for oesophageal cancer patients with MSI. Apart from immune checkpoint inhibitors, other immunotherapies such as adoptive T‑cell transfer, peptide vaccine and oncolytic viruses are under investigation in oesophageal cancer patients. In the present review, the rationale and current knowledge about immunotherapies in oesophageal cancer are summarised.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007167 Immunotherapy Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. Immunotherapies
D004938 Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. Cancer of Esophagus,Esophageal Cancer,Cancer of the Esophagus,Esophagus Cancer,Esophagus Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Esophageal,Cancer, Esophageal,Cancer, Esophagus,Cancers, Esophageal,Cancers, Esophagus,Esophageal Cancers,Esophageal Neoplasm,Esophagus Cancers,Esophagus Neoplasms,Neoplasm, Esophageal,Neoplasm, Esophagus,Neoplasms, Esophagus
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000082082 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Drugs that block negative regulator IMMUNE CHECKPOINT proteins (e.g., PD-1 RECEPTOR and CTLA-4 ANTIGEN) thereby increasing suppressed immune activation in immunotherapies. CTLA-4 Inhibitor,CTLA-4 Inhibitors,Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Inhibitor,Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Inhibitors,Immune Checkpoint Blockade,Immune Checkpoint Blockers,Immune Checkpoint Inhibition,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor,PD-1 Inhibitor,PD-1 Inhibitors,PD-1-PD-L1 Blockade,PD-L1 Inhibitor,PD-L1 Inhibitors,Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor,Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitors,Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitors,Blockade, PD-1-PD-L1,CTLA 4 Inhibitor,CTLA 4 Inhibitors,Checkpoint Blockade, Immune,Checkpoint Blockers, Immune,Checkpoint Inhibition, Immune,Checkpoint Inhibitor, Immune,Checkpoint Inhibitors, Immune,Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 Inhibitor,Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 Inhibitors,Inhibitor, PD-1,PD 1 Inhibitor,PD 1 Inhibitors,PD 1 PD L1 Blockade,PD L1 Inhibitor,PD L1 Inhibitors,Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D050130 Oncolytic Virotherapy Use of attenuated VIRUSES as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to selectively kill CANCER cells. Oncolytic Virus Therapy,Virotherapy, Oncolytic,Oncolytic Virotherapies,Oncolytic Virus Therapies,Therapies, Oncolytic Virus,Therapy, Oncolytic Virus,Virotherapies, Oncolytic,Virus Therapies, Oncolytic,Virus Therapy, Oncolytic
D019496 Cancer Vaccines Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced. Cancer Vaccine,Neoplasm Vaccines,Tumor Vaccine,Tumor Vaccines,Vaccines, Cancer,Vaccines, Neoplasm,Vaccines, Tumor,Vaccine, Cancer,Vaccine, Tumor

Related Publications

Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
August 2021, Cancers,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
August 2015, Immunology letters,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
January 2022, Frontiers in immunology,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
December 2023, Materials today. Bio,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
October 2020, Neuro-oncology practice,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
August 2020, Cancers,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
April 2020, Cancers,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
July 2016, Annals of translational medicine,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
November 2021, Oncology reports,
Andrea Lampis, and Margherita Ratti, and Michele Ghidini, and Milko B Mirchev, and Ali Fuat Okuducu, and Nicola Valeri, and Jens Claus Hahne
April 2019, Immunology and cell biology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!