Biomaterial Database

Effects of crystalloid on lung fluid balance after smoke inhalation. 1988

W R Clark, and G F Nieman, and D Goyette, and D Gryzboski

Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Syracuse.

Inhalation injury occurs in 21% of flame burn victims who require large fluid volumes for resuscitation and have a mortality rate greater than 30%. This study was done to determine how vulnerable the smoke-injured lung is to fluid accumulation when crystalloids are infused rapidly. Mongrel dogs were exposed to smoke and 10% body-weight Ringer's lactate in three groups: (I) fluid only, (II) smoke only, and (III) smoke and fluid. The increase in wet-dry lung weight ratio was 2% in Group I, 28% in Group II, and 42% in Group III, consistent with pulmonary edema present only in Group III. The decrease in colloid oncotic pressure was similar in both of the groups that were given fluid, and the rise in the surface tension minimum of lung extracts was similar in both of the groups that were exposed to smoke. The smoke-injured lung loses the ability to protect itself when challenged with fluid. Reduced oncotic pressure is not responsible. Changes in microvascular pressure, endothelial and epithelial damage, and surfactant inactivation interact to cause this increase in extravascular lung water.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007552	Isotonic Solutions	Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)	Solutions, Isotonic
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D010952	Plasma Substitutes	Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.	Blood Expanders,Plasma Volume Expanders,Expanders, Blood,Expanders, Plasma Volume,Substitutes, Plasma,Volume Expanders, Plasma
D011654	Pulmonary Edema	Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	Wet Lung,Edema, Pulmonary,Edemas, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Edemas,Lung, Wet,Lungs, Wet,Wet Lungs
D011659	Pulmonary Gas Exchange	The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.	Exchange, Pulmonary Gas,Gas Exchange, Pulmonary
D002059	Burns, Inhalation	Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.	Inhalation Burns,Burn, Inhalation,Inhalation Burn
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D005110	Extracellular Space	Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.	Intercellular Space,Extracellular Spaces,Intercellular Spaces,Space, Extracellular,Space, Intercellular,Spaces, Extracellular,Spaces, Intercellular
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic
D000077324	Crystalloid Solutions	Isotonic solutions of mineral salts, such as RINGER'S LACTATE and SODIUM CHLORIDE (SALINE SOLUTION), used in FLUID THERAPY to rehydrate BLOOD VOLUME.	Crystalloid Solution,Crystalloid,Solution, Crystalloid,Solutions, Crystalloid