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3D printing of dental restorations: Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymer materials. 2021

Lisa Marie Schönhoff, and Felicitas Mayinger, and Marlis Eichberger, and Elena Reznikova, and Bogna Stawarczyk
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.

In the seminal field of 3D printing of dental restorations, the time and cost saving manufacturing of removable and fixed dental prostheses from thermoplastic polymer materials employing fused filament fabrication (FFF) is gaining momentum. As of today, the additive manufacturing of the established semi-crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) requires extensive post-processing and lacks precision. In this context, the amorphous polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) may provide a higher predictability and reliability of the results. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of PPSU and PEEK processed by FFF (PPSU1-3D (PPSU Radel) and PPSU2-3D (Ultrason P 3010 NAT)) or extrusion (PPSU1-EX (Radel R-5000 NT) and PEEK-CG (PEEK Juvora)). Three-point flexural strength, two-body wear, and Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) were tested after aging. One-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis and the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation tests were computed (α = 0.05). PPSU1-3D and PPSU2-3D showed lower flexural strength values than PPSU1-EX and PEEK-CG. PPSU1-3D showed the highest, and PEEK-CG and PPSU1-EX the lowest height loss. The highest HM and EIT results were observed for PEEK-CG and the lowest for PPSU1-3D. Correlations were observed between all parameters except for the application height. In conclusion, the manufacturing process affected the flexural strength of PPSU, with 3D printed specimens presenting lower values than specimens cut from prefabricated molded material. This finding indicates that the 3D printing parameters employed for the additive manufacturing of PPSU specimens in the present investigation require further optimization. For 3D printed specimens, the quality of the filament showed an impact on the mechanical properties, underlining the importance of adhering to high quality standards during filament fabrication. Extruded PPSU led to comparable results with PEEK for flexural strength and two-body wear, indicating this novel dental restorative material to be a suitable alternative to the established PEEK for the manufacturing of both removable and fixed dental prostheses.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008422 Materials Testing The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility. Biocompatibility Testing,Biocompatible Materials Testing,Hemocompatibility Testing,Testing, Biocompatible Materials,Testing, Hemocompatible Materials,Hemocompatibility Testings,Hemocompatible Materials Testing,Materials Testing, Biocompatible,Materials Testing, Hemocompatible,Testing, Biocompatibility,Testing, Hemocompatibility,Testing, Materials,Testings, Biocompatibility
D011108 Polymers Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS). Polymer
D003764 Dental Materials Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc. Dental Material,Material, Dental,Materials, Dental
D000077298 Flexural Strength The maximum MECHANICAL STRESS that a heterogeneous material, subject to a bending load or flexure, can withstand before fracturing. Bend Strength,Flexural Properties,Flexural Resistance,Fracture Strength,Modulus of Rupture,Bend Strengths,Flexural Property,Flexural Resistances,Flexural Strengths,Fracture Strengths,Properties, Flexural,Property, Flexural,Resistance, Flexural,Resistances, Flexural,Rupture Modulus,Strength, Bend,Strength, Flexural,Strength, Fracture,Strengths, Bend,Strengths, Flexural,Strengths, Fracture
D015203 Reproducibility of Results The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results. Reliability and Validity,Reliability of Result,Reproducibility Of Result,Reproducibility of Finding,Validity of Result,Validity of Results,Face Validity,Reliability (Epidemiology),Reliability of Results,Reproducibility of Findings,Test-Retest Reliability,Validity (Epidemiology),Finding Reproducibilities,Finding Reproducibility,Of Result, Reproducibility,Of Results, Reproducibility,Reliabilities, Test-Retest,Reliability, Test-Retest,Result Reliabilities,Result Reliability,Result Validities,Result Validity,Result, Reproducibility Of,Results, Reproducibility Of,Test Retest Reliability,Validity and Reliability,Validity, Face
D066330 Printing, Three-Dimensional Process for making, building or constructing a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model by laying down many successive thin layers of building material. 3-D Printing,3-Dimensional Printing,3D Printing,Three-Dimensional Printing,3 D Printing,3 Dimensional Printing,3-D Printings,3-Dimensional Printings,3D Printings,Printing, 3-D,Printing, 3-Dimensional,Printing, 3D,Printing, Three Dimensional,Printings, 3-D,Printings, 3-Dimensional,Printings, 3D,Printings, Three-Dimensional,Three Dimensional Printing,Three-Dimensional Printings

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