Evaluation of graphenic and graphitic materials on the adsorption of Triton X-100 from aqueous solution. 2021

Adrián Esteban-Arranz, and María Pérez-Cadenas, and Vicenta Muñoz-Andrés, and Antonio Guerrero-Ruiz
Department of Inorganic and Technical Chemistry, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Senda Del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: Adrian.Esteban@uclm.es.

Presently, graphenic nanomaterials are being studied as candidates for wastewater pollutant removal. In this study, two graphite oxides produced from natural graphite with different grain sizes (325 and 10 mesh), their respective reduced graphene oxides and one reduced graphene oxide with nitrogen functional groups were synthesized and tested to remove a surfactant model substrate, Triton X-100, from an aqueous solution. Kinetic experiments were carried out and adjusted to pseudo-first order equation, pseudo-second order equation, Elovich, Chain-Clayton and intra-particle diffusion models. Reduced graphene oxides displayed an instantaneous adsorption due to their accessible and hydrophobic surfaces, while graphite oxides hindered the TX100 adsorption rate due to their highly superficial oxygen content. Results from the adsorption isotherms showed that the Sips model perfectly described the TX100 adsorption behavior of these materials. Higher adsorption capacities were developed with reduced graphene oxides, being maximum for the material produced from the lower graphite grain size (qe = 3.55·10-6 mol/m2), which could be explained by a higher surface area (600 m2/g), a lower amount of superficial oxygen (O/C = 0.04) and a more defected structure (ID/IG = 0.85). Additionally, three commercial high surface area graphites in the range of 100-500 m2/g were evaluated for comparison purposes. In this case, better adsorption results were obtained with a more graphitic material, HSAG100 (qe = 1.72·10-6 mol/m2). However, the best experimental results of this study were obtained using synthesized graphenic materials.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D010087 Oxides Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides. Oxide
D006108 Graphite An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation. Graphene
D006863 Hydrogen-Ion Concentration The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000327 Adsorption The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily. Adsorptions
D014867 Water A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Hydrogen Oxide
D014874 Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water. Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D017830 Octoxynol Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide. Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols,Octoxinol,Octoxinols,Octoxynol-9,Octoxynols,Octylphenoxy Polyethoxyethanol,Triton X-100,Triton X-305,Triton X-45,Octoxynol 9,Polyethoxyethanol, Octylphenoxy,Triton X 100,Triton X 305,Triton X 45,Triton X100,Triton X305,Triton X45

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