Recurrent Neurocysticercosis: Not So Rare. 2021

Khush Preet Kaur, and Ajay Garg, and Leve Joseph Devaranjan Sebastian, and Rohit Bhatia, and Mamta Bhushan Singh, and Achal Srivastava, and Manjari Tripathi, and M V Padma
Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

BACKGROUND Solitary cysticercus granuloma (SCG) appearing as a single ring-enhancing lesion (SREL) is the most frequently encountered imaging finding in patients of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in India and during follow-up, most of SCGs resolve with or without calcifications. Recurrent SCG have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to report the incidence of recurrent SCG in a cohort of patients with SCG and postulate the hypothesis. METHODS This retrospective study included 278 patients with SCG meeting the criteria of NCC. Their medical records and imaging studies were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 278 patients, 119 patients with SCG meeting the criteria of NCC with follow-up imaging were included. 15 (12.61%) had recurrent NCC and 104 (87.4%) patients did not have any recurrence during a median follow-up of 14.23 months (range; 0.24 - 113.3) and 25.26 months (range; 3.09- 98.11) respectively. Out of 15 recurrent NCC cases, ten patients had documented imaging resolution or partial regression of previous lesion followed by occurrence of new SCG in the same location, three patients had change in morphology of lesion from solitary discrete REL to solitary conglomerate REL secondary to development of new cysticercus granuloma adjacent to old lesion patients had recurrent lesions adjacent to previous lesion and two patients had new SCG in different locations following regression of old SCGs. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent SCGs are not uncommon in NCC and recurrence is more likely to occur at the site of initial infection and therefore may be mistaken for persistent infection or other granulomatous lesions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007194 India A country in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. The capitol is New Delhi. Republic of India
D009364 Neoplasm Recurrence, Local The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site. Local Neoplasm Recurrence,Local Neoplasm Recurrences,Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrence,Neoplasm Recurrence, Locoregional,Neoplasm Recurrences, Local,Recurrence, Local Neoplasm,Recurrence, Locoregional Neoplasm,Recurrences, Local Neoplasm,Locoregional Neoplasm Recurrences,Neoplasm Recurrences, Locoregional,Recurrences, Locoregional Neoplasm
D003552 Cysticercus The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus Taenia.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D020019 Neurocysticercosis Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50) CNS Cysticercosis,Central Nervous System Cysticercosis,Cerebral Coenurosis,Cerebral Cysticercosis,Cysticercosis, Brain,Cysticercosis, Central Nervous System,Neurocoenurosis,Brain Cysticercosis,CNS Cysticercoses,Cerebral Coenuroses,Cerebral Cysticercoses,Coenurosis, Cerebral,Cysticercosis, CNS,Cysticercosis, Cerebral,Neurocoenuroses,Neurocysticercoses

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