BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Anaerobic gut fungi are an untapped reservoir of natural products. 2021

Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.

Anaerobic fungi (class Neocallimastigomycetes) thrive as low-abundance members of the herbivore digestive tract. The genomes of anaerobic gut fungi are poorly characterized and have not been extensively mined for the biosynthetic enzymes of natural products such as antibiotics. Here, we investigate the potential of anaerobic gut fungi to synthesize natural products that could regulate membership within the gut microbiome. Complementary 'omics' approaches were combined to catalog the natural products of anaerobic gut fungi from four different representative species: Anaeromyces robustus (Arobustus), Caecomyces churrovis (Cchurrovis), Neocallimastix californiae (Ncaliforniae), and Piromyces finnis (Pfinnis). In total, 146 genes were identified that encode biosynthetic enzymes for diverse types of natural products, including nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases. In addition, N. californiae and C. churrovis genomes encoded seven putative bacteriocins, a class of antimicrobial peptides typically produced by bacteria. During standard laboratory growth on plant biomass or soluble substrates, 26% of total core biosynthetic genes in all four strains were transcribed. Across all four fungal strains, 30% of total biosynthetic gene products were detected via proteomics when grown on cellobiose. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) characterization of fungal supernatants detected 72 likely natural products from A. robustus alone. A compound produced by all four strains of anaerobic fungi was putatively identified as the polyketide-related styrylpyrone baumin. Molecular networking quantified similarities between tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra among these fungi, enabling three groups of natural products to be identified that are unique to anaerobic fungi. Overall, these results support the finding that anaerobic gut fungi synthesize natural products, which could be harnessed as a source of antimicrobials, therapeutics, and other bioactive compounds.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008031 Lignin The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Lignins
D002853 Chromatography, Liquid Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid. Liquid Chromatography
D005656 Fungal Proteins Proteins found in any species of fungus. Fungal Gene Products,Fungal Gene Proteins,Fungal Peptides,Gene Products, Fungal,Yeast Proteins,Gene Proteins, Fungal,Peptides, Fungal,Proteins, Fungal
D005658 Fungi A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies. Fungi, Filamentous,Molds,Filamentous Fungi,Filamentous Fungus,Fungus,Fungus, Filamentous,Mold
D000069196 Gastrointestinal Microbiome All of the microbial organisms that naturally exist within the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Enteric Bacteria,Gastric Microbiome,Gastrointestinal Flora,Gastrointestinal Microbial Community,Gastrointestinal Microbiota,Gastrointestinal Microflora,Gut Flora,Gut Microbiome,Gut Microbiota,Gut Microflora,Intestinal Flora,Intestinal Microbiome,Intestinal Microbiota,Intestinal Microflora,Bacteria, Enteric,Flora, Gastrointestinal,Flora, Gut,Flora, Intestinal,Gastric Microbiomes,Gastrointestinal Microbial Communities,Gastrointestinal Microbiomes,Gastrointestinal Microbiotas,Gut Microbiomes,Gut Microbiotas,Intestinal Microbiomes,Intestinal Microbiotas,Microbial Community, Gastrointestinal,Microbiome, Gastric,Microbiome, Gastrointestinal,Microbiome, Gut,Microbiome, Intestinal,Microbiota, Gastrointestinal,Microbiota, Gut,Microbiota, Intestinal,Microflora, Gastrointestinal,Microflora, Gut,Microflora, Intestinal
D000693 Anaerobiosis The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) Anaerobic Metabolism,Anaerobic Metabolisms,Anaerobioses,Metabolism, Anaerobic,Metabolisms, Anaerobic
D001688 Biological Products Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay. Biologic,Biologic Drug,Biologic Product,Biological,Biological Drug,Biological Medicine,Biological Product,Biologics,Biopharmaceutical,Natural Product,Natural Products,Biologic Drugs,Biologic Medicines,Biologic Pharmaceuticals,Biologic Products,Biological Drugs,Biological Medicines,Biologicals,Biopharmaceuticals,Products, Biological,Drug, Biologic,Drug, Biological,Drugs, Biologic,Drugs, Biological,Medicine, Biological,Medicines, Biologic,Medicines, Biological,Pharmaceuticals, Biologic,Product, Biologic,Product, Biological,Product, Natural
D053719 Tandem Mass Spectrometry A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection. Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectrometry, Tandem
D018533 Biomass Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop. Biomasses
D020085 Neocallimastigales An order of fungi in the phylum NEOCALLIMASTIGOMYCOTA comprising anaerobic chytrids that inhabit the RUMEN; and CECUM of herbivorous animals. Genera (all in the lone family Neocallimastigaceae) include NEOCALLIMASTIX, Orpinomyces, PIROMYCES, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, and Caecomyces. Anaeromyces,Caecomyces,Cyllamyces,Orpinomyces,Sphaeromonas,Neocallimasticales,Anaeromyce,Caecomyce,Cyllamyce,Neocallimasticale,Neocallimastigale,Orpinomyce,Sphaeromona

Related Publications

Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
An untapped reservoir.
October 1961, Hospital progress,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Deep Subseafloor Fungi as an Untapped Reservoir of Amphipathic Antimicrobial Compounds.
March 2016, Marine drugs,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Biology of gut anaerobic fungi.
January 1989, Bio Systems,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Experimental evolution in fungi: An untapped resource.
September 2016, Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Retirees: untapped reservoir of talent.
April 2002, Nursing,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
The role of anaerobic gut fungi in ruminants.
June 1998, Nutrition research reviews,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Natural Products from Marine Fungi.
April 2020, Marine drugs,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Natural Products from Marine Fungi--Still an Underrepresented Resource.
January 2016, Marine drugs,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
The omentum as an untapped reservoir for microvascular conduits.
October 1987, Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics,
Candice L Swift, and Katherine B Louie, and Benjamin P Bowen, and Heather M Olson, and Samuel O Purvine, and Asaf Salamov, and Stephen J Mondo, and Kevin V Solomon, and Aaron T Wright, and Trent R Northen, and Igor V Grigoriev, and Nancy P Keller, and Michelle A O'Malley
Soil as natural reservoir for human pathogenic fungi.
May 1956, Science (New York, N.Y.),
Copied contents to your clipboard!