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Rotavirus Strain Distribution before and after Introducing Rotavirus Vaccine in India. 2021
Tintu Varghese, and
Shainey Alokit Khakha, and
Sidhartha Giri, and
Nayana P Nair, and
Manohar Badur, and
Geeta Gathwala, and
Sanjeev Chaudhury, and
Shayam Kaushik, and
Mrutunjay Dash, and
Nirmal K Mohakud, and
Rajib K Ray, and
Prasantajyoti Mohanty, and
Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar, and
Seshadri Venkatasubramanian, and
Rashmi Arora, and
Venkata Raghava Mohan, and
Jacqueline E Tate, and
Umesh D Parashar, and
Gagandeep Kang
The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India.
In April 2016, an indigenous monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) was introduced to the National Immunization Program in India. Hospital-based surveillance for acute gastroenteritis was conducted in five sentinel sites from 2012 to 2020 to monitor the vaccine impact on various genotypes and the reduction in rotavirus positivity at each site. Stool samples collected from children under 5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea were tested for group A rotavirus using a commercial enzyme immunoassay, and rotavirus strains were characterized by RT-PCR. The proportion of diarrhea hospitalizations attributable to rotavirus at the five sites declined from a range of 56-29.4% in pre-vaccine years to 34-12% in post-vaccine years. G1P[8] was the predominant strain in the pre-vaccination period, and G3P[8] was the most common in the post-vaccination period. Circulating patterns varied throughout the study period, and increased proportions of mixed genotypes were detected in the post-vaccination phase. Continuous long-term surveillance is essential to understand the diversity and immuno-epidemiological effects of rotavirus vaccination.
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