Measurement of discrete vertical in-shoe stress with piezoelectric transducers. 1988

T S Gross, and R P Bunch
Biomechanics Laboratory, Converse, Inc., North Reading, MA 01864.

The purpose of this investigation was to design and validate a system suitable for non-invasive measurement of discrete in-shoe vertical plantar stress during dynamic activities. Eight transducers were constructed, with small piezoelectric ceramic squares (4.83 x 4.83 x 1.3 mm) used to generate a charge output proportional to vertical plantar stress. The mechanical properties of the transducers included 2.3% linearity and 3.7% hysteresis for stresses up to 2000 kPa and loading times up to 200 ms. System design efficacy was analysed by means of a multiple day, multiple trial data collection. With the transducers placed beneath plantar landmarks, the footstrike of one subject was recorded ten times on each of five days while running at 3.58 m/s on a treadmill. Within-day and between-day proportional error (PE) was used to estimate the error contained in the mean peak stress during foot contact. Within-day PE focused on trial to trial variability associated with the subject and equipment, and averaged 3.1% (range 2.5-4.0%) across transducer location. Between-day PE provided a cumulative estimate of subject, transducer placement, and random equipment variability, but excluded trial to trial variability. It ranged from 4.9 to 15.8%, with a mean of 9.9%. Peak stress, impulse, and sequence of loading data were examined to identify discrete foot function patterns and highlight the value of discrete stress analysis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008682 Metatarsal Bones The five long bones of the METATARSUS, articulating with the TARSAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF TOES distally. Metatarsals,Bone, Metatarsal,Bones, Metatarsal,Metatarsal,Metatarsal Bone
D005528 Foot The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones. Feet
D006214 Hallux The innermost digit of the foot in PRIMATES. Big Toe,Great Toe,Big Toes,Great Toes,Toe, Big,Toe, Great,Toes, Big,Toes, Great
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012775 Shoes Footwear made of a flat sole shaped to the contour of the foot, connected to an upper portion which may or may not completely cover or wrap around the foot. Shoe
D013314 Stress, Mechanical A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area. Mechanical Stress,Mechanical Stresses,Stresses, Mechanical
D014160 Transducers, Pressure Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure. Pressure Transducer,Pressure Transducers,Transducer, Pressure

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