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Breast contact thermography was used to differentiate between premature thelarche and true precocious puberty. The technique was applied to 10 girls with premature thelarche, 12 with precocious puberty and 105 controls (Tanner B1-5). In controls, the scores attributed to the maturative thermographic signs correlated with breast development stages. In premature thelarche thermographic signs of vascularization were always absent, while in precocious puberty they were always observed, although in some cases unilaterally. The thermographic index (higher total score between the two breasts) ranged from 0 to 3 in girls with premature thelarche and from 4 to 10 in girls with precocious puberty. The thermographic pattern in premature thelarche was similar to that in prepubertal girls and did not progress in two girls who were repeatedly examined. We emphasize the useful role of contact thermography in evaluating pubertal breast development and in differentiating between premature thelarche and true precocious puberty.
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