Biomaterial Database

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to drug-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. 2021

Michele Ascoli, and Giovanni Mastroianni, and Sara Gasparini, and Pasquale Striano, and Vittoria Cianci, and Sabrina Neri, and Valentina Bova, and Anna Mammì, and Antonio Gambardella, and Angelo Labate, and Umberto Aguglia, and Edoardo Ferlazzo

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), also known as Janz syndrome, is a common form of generalized epilepsy of presumed genetic origin representing up to 10% of all epilepsy cases. Despite adequate anti-seizure medication (ASM) treatment, seizures persist in one-third of JME patients. A literature search was conducted using Pubmed search on the topics of drug-resistant JME. About 30% of JME patients are drug-resistant. Valproate (VPA) is considered the first-choice drug. In women of childbearing potential, levetiracetam (LEV) should represent the first-choice treatment. Alternative monotherapy or add-on therapy should be considered in subjects with resistant seizures after the exclusion of pseudo-drug resistance. The choice of the add-on ASM depends on the predominant seizure type. In subjects with persistent bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, LEV or lamotrigine should be firstly considered. In patients with difficult-to-treat myoclonic seizures, clonazepam or LEV are recommended. In case of persistent absences, ethosuximide should be considered. With appropriate selection and safeguards in place, VPA should remain available as an option in women of childbearing potential whose seizures are resistant to other treatments.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D004364	Pharmaceutical Preparations	Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.	Drug,Drugs,Pharmaceutical,Pharmaceutical Preparation,Pharmaceutical Product,Pharmaceutic Preparations,Pharmaceutical Products,Pharmaceuticals,Preparations, Pharmaceutical,Preparation, Pharmaceutical,Preparations, Pharmaceutic,Product, Pharmaceutical,Products, Pharmaceutical
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077287	Levetiracetam	A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.	Etiracetam,Etiracetam, (R)-,Etiracetam, R-isomer,Etiracetam, S-isomer,Keppra,UCB 6474,UCB-6474,Ucb L059,Ucb L060,Ucb-L059,Ucb-L060,alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-Pyrrolidineacetamide,Etiracetam, R isomer,Etiracetam, S isomer,R-isomer Etiracetam,S-isomer Etiracetam,UCB6474,UcbL060,alpha ethyl 2 oxo 1 Pyrrolidineacetamide
D000927	Anticonvulsants	Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.	Anticonvulsant,Anticonvulsant Drug,Anticonvulsive Agent,Anticonvulsive Drug,Antiepileptic,Antiepileptic Agent,Antiepileptic Agents,Antiepileptic Drug,Anticonvulsant Drugs,Anticonvulsive Agents,Anticonvulsive Drugs,Antiepileptic Drugs,Antiepileptics,Agent, Anticonvulsive,Agent, Antiepileptic,Agents, Anticonvulsive,Agents, Antiepileptic,Drug, Anticonvulsant,Drug, Anticonvulsive,Drug, Antiepileptic,Drugs, Anticonvulsant,Drugs, Anticonvulsive,Drugs, Antiepileptic
D014635	Valproic Acid	A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.	Dipropyl Acetate,Divalproex,Sodium Valproate,2-Propylpentanoic Acid,Calcium Valproate,Convulsofin,Depakene,Depakine,Depakote,Divalproex Sodium,Ergenyl,Magnesium Valproate,Propylisopropylacetic Acid,Semisodium Valproate,Valproate,Valproate Calcium,Valproate Sodium,Valproic Acid, Sodium Salt (2:1),Vupral,2 Propylpentanoic Acid
D020190	Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile	A disorder characterized by the onset of myoclonus in adolescence, a marked increase in the incidence of absence seizures (see EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), and generalized major motor seizures (see EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). The myoclonic episodes tend to occur shortly after awakening. Seizures tend to be aggravated by sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Hereditary and sporadic forms have been identified. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p323)	Epilepsy, Myoclonic, Juvenile,Impulsive Petit Mal, Janz,Janz Syndrome,Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy,Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy,Epilepsy, Myoclonic Juvenile,Impulsive Petit Mal Epilepsy,JME (Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy),Janz Impulsive Petit Mal,Janz Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy,Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy of Janz,Myoclonic Epilepsy, Adolescent,Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile, 1,Petit Mal, Impulsive,Petit Mal, Impulsive, Janz,Epilepsy, Adolescent Myoclonic,Epilepsy, Juvenile Myoclonic,JMEs (Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy),Juvenile Epilepsy, Myoclonic,Myoclonic Juvenile Epilepsy