Biomaterial Database

The disposition of chloramphenicol in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived newborn pigs. 1988

K Martin, and B Wiese

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol (CAP) were studied in four colostrum-deprived and 4 colostrum-fed newborn piglets after an intravenous bolus dose of CAP, 77 mumol kg-1 (25 mg kg-1). The elimination half-lives in the colostrum deprived piglets had a tendency to be longer (17.2 +/- 3.9 hrs) than in the colostrum-fed piglets (12.7 +/- 1.1 hrs) and in both groups they were considerably longer than reported in older pigs. The long half-lives of CAP in the newborn pigs were a reflexion of very low clearance (Cl) values, 0.0391 +/- 0.007 and 0.0512 +/- 0.007 1 kg-1 hr-1, in the two groups, while the volume of distribution was of the same size in the two groups, 0.9549 +/- 0.247 and 0.9411 +/- 0.211 1 kg-1. The protein binding of CAP in pooled piglet plasma was concentration dependent, 53-45%, (P less than 0.001) in the concentration range 31-232 microM (10-75 micrograms ml-1) and the binding degree was significantly higher in plasma from colostrum deprived piglets, 53.0 +/- 0.8% compared to plasma from colostrum fed, 47.5 +/- 1.3% (P less than 0.01).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D002701	Chloramphenicol	An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)	Cloranfenicol,Kloramfenikol,Levomycetin,Amphenicol,Amphenicols,Chlornitromycin,Chlorocid,Chloromycetin,Detreomycin,Ophthochlor,Syntomycin
D003126	Colostrum	The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.	Colostrums
D005260	Female		Females
D005508	Food Deprivation	The withholding of food in a structured experimental situation.	Deprivation, Food,Deprivations, Food,Food Deprivations
D006207	Half-Life	The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.	Halflife,Half Life,Half-Lifes,Halflifes
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000831	Animals, Newborn	Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.	Animals, Neonatal,Animal, Neonatal,Animal, Newborn,Neonatal Animal,Neonatal Animals,Newborn Animal,Newborn Animals
D000833	Animals, Suckling	Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.	Animal, Suckling,Suckling Animal,Suckling Animals
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog