Biomaterial Database

Pathways of hydrogen peroxide generation in guinea pig cerebral cortex mitochondria. 1988

F Zoccarato, and L Cavallini, and R Deana, and A Alexandre

Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Italy.

The production of H2O2 by brain mitochondria was monitored employing a new technique based on the horseradish peroxidase dependent oxidation of acetylated ferrocytochrome c. It was shown that brain mitochondria release H2O2 by an intermediate autooxidation at the QH2-cytochrome c oxidoreductase level (induced by antimycin A and inhibited by myxothiazol). With both succinate and pyruvate plus malate this H2O2 release is inhibited at high substrate concentrations. With pyruvate plus malate a second source of H2O2 could be detected, apparently from autoxidation at the NADH dehydrogenase level. With alpha-glycerophosphate some H2O2 derives from autooxidation at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The NADH dehydrogenase dependent, but not the QH2-cytochrome c oxidoreductase dependent H2O2 was significantly stimulated upon depletion of the mitochondrial glutathione.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008293	Malates	Derivatives of malic acid (the structural formula: (COO-)2CH2CHOH), including its salts and esters.
D008689	Methacrylates	Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.	Methacrylate
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D009245	NADH Dehydrogenase	A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In eukaryotes the enzyme can be found as a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex I. Under experimental conditions the enzyme can use CYTOCHROME C GROUP as the reducing cofactor. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.6.2.1.	NADH Cytochrome c Reductase,Diaphorase (NADH Dehydrogenase),NADH (Acceptor) Oxidoreductase,NADH Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase,Dehydrogenase, NADH
D011773	Pyruvates	Derivatives of PYRUVIC ACID, including its salts and esters.
D002540	Cerebral Cortex	The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulci. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.	Allocortex,Archipallium,Cortex Cerebri,Cortical Plate,Paleocortex,Periallocortex,Allocortices,Archipalliums,Cerebral Cortices,Cortex Cerebrus,Cortex, Cerebral,Cortical Plates,Paleocortices,Periallocortices,Plate, Cortical
D005979	Glutathione Peroxidase	An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of GLUTATHIONE in the presence of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to yield oxidized glutathione and water.	Cytosolic Glutathione Peroxidase,Glutathione Lipoperoxidase,Selenoglutathione Peroxidase,Glutathione Peroxidase, Cytosolic,Lipoperoxidase, Glutathione,Peroxidase, Glutathione,Peroxidase, Selenoglutathione
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D006735	Horseradish Peroxidase	An enzyme isolated from horseradish which is able to act as an antigen. It is frequently used as a histochemical tracer for light and electron microscopy. Its antigenicity has permitted its use as a combined antigen and marker in experimental immunology.	Alpha-Peroxidase,Ferrihorseradish Peroxidase,Horseradish Peroxidase II,Horseradish Peroxidase III,Alpha Peroxidase,II, Horseradish Peroxidase,III, Horseradish Peroxidase,Peroxidase II, Horseradish,Peroxidase III, Horseradish,Peroxidase, Ferrihorseradish,Peroxidase, Horseradish
D006861	Hydrogen Peroxide	A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.	Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2),Hydroperoxide,Oxydol,Perhydrol,Superoxol,Peroxide, Hydrogen