Canada's response to international travel during COVID-19 pandemic - a media analysis. 2021

K Srikanth Reddy, and Salima S Mithani, and Lindsay Wilson, and Kumanan Wilson
Bruyere Research Institute, 85 Primrose Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1R 6M1, Canada.

The media play a critical role in informing the public about the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, international travel has been a highly contested subject at both the international and national levels. We examined Canadian media reporting on international travel restrictions during the pandemic, how these restrictions aligned with the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), and how the narrative around international travel evolved over time. We analysed articles from Canada's top three national newspapers by circulation - The Globe and Mail, The National Post and The Toronto Star - published between Jan 1, 2020 - May 31, 2020. Our search yielded a total of 378 articles across the three newspapers. After removing duplicates and screening the remaining articles, we included a total of 62 articles for the analysis. We conducted a qualitative media content analysis by using an inductive coding approach. Three major themes were identified within the articles. These included: 1) The role of scientific and expert evidence in implementing travel restrictions; 2) Federal legislation, regulation and enforcement of international travel measures; and 3) Compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in travel restriction policy- and decision-making. The federal government relied primarily on scientific evidence for implementing international travel restrictions and fully exercised its powers under the Quarantine Act to enforce travel regulations and comply with the IHR 2005. The government embraced a rules-based international order by following WHO recommendations on international travel, contributing to a delay in border closure and travel restrictions until mid-March. The media focussed significantly on international travel-related issues during the early phase of the pandemic. The dominant media narrative surrounded the need for earlier travel restrictions against international travel.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002170 Canada The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000076082 Travel-Related Illness Health problems associated with TRAVEL. Travel Sickness,Travel-Associated Infections,Travel-Associated Infectious Diseases,Travel-Related Disease,Travel-Related Health Problems,Travel-Related Infections,Travel-Related Infectious Diseases,Travel-Related Sickness,Disease, Travel-Associated Infectious,Disease, Travel-Related,Disease, Travel-Related Infectious,Diseases, Travel-Associated Infectious,Diseases, Travel-Related,Diseases, Travel-Related Infectious,Health Problem, Travel-Related,Health Problems, Travel-Related,Illness, Travel-Related,Illnesses, Travel-Related,Infection, Travel-Associated,Infection, Travel-Related,Infections, Travel-Associated,Infections, Travel-Related,Infectious Disease, Travel-Associated,Infectious Disease, Travel-Related,Infectious Diseases, Travel-Associated,Infectious Diseases, Travel-Related,Problem, Travel-Related Health,Problems, Travel-Related Health,Sickness, Travel,Sickness, Travel-Related,Sicknesses, Travel,Sicknesses, Travel-Related,Travel Associated Infections,Travel Associated Infectious Diseases,Travel Related Disease,Travel Related Health Problems,Travel Related Illness,Travel Related Infections,Travel Related Infectious Diseases,Travel Related Sickness,Travel Sicknesses,Travel-Associated Infection,Travel-Associated Infectious Disease,Travel-Related Diseases,Travel-Related Health Problem,Travel-Related Illnesses,Travel-Related Infection,Travel-Related Infectious Disease,Travel-Related Sicknesses
D000086382 COVID-19 A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID-19 severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID-19 (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease,2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection,2019-nCoV Disease,2019-nCoV Infection,COVID-19 Pandemic,COVID-19 Pandemics,COVID-19 Virus Disease,COVID-19 Virus Infection,Coronavirus Disease 2019,Coronavirus Disease-19,SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection,COVID19,2019 nCoV Disease,2019 nCoV Infection,2019-nCoV Diseases,2019-nCoV Infections,COVID 19,COVID 19 Pandemic,COVID 19 Virus Disease,COVID 19 Virus Infection,COVID-19 Virus Diseases,COVID-19 Virus Infections,Coronavirus Disease 19,Disease 2019, Coronavirus,Disease, 2019-nCoV,Disease, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, 2019-nCoV,Infection, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, SARS-CoV-2,Pandemic, COVID-19,SARS CoV 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infections,Virus Disease, COVID-19,Virus Infection, COVID-19
D000086402 SARS-CoV-2 A species of BETACORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans. The organism was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The natural host is the Chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS affinis. 2019 Novel Coronavirus,COVID-19 Virus,COVID19 Virus,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus,SARS Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2 Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,Wuhan Coronavirus,Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus,2019-nCoV,2019 Novel Coronaviruses,COVID 19 Virus,COVID-19 Viruses,COVID19 Viruses,Coronavirus 2, SARS,Coronavirus, 2019 Novel,Coronavirus, Wuhan,Novel Coronavirus, 2019,SARS CoV 2 Virus,SARS-CoV-2 Viruses,Virus, COVID-19,Virus, COVID19,Virus, SARS-CoV-2,Viruses, COVID19
D014195 Travel MOVEMENT across different GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS. Land Travel,Sea Travel,Land Travels,Sea Travels,Travel, Land,Travel, Sea,Travels,Travels, Land,Travels, Sea
D058873 Pandemics Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people. Pandemic

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