Effectiveness of low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in minor primary antibody deficiencies: A 2-year real-life experience. 2021

Emanuele Vivarelli, and Andrea Matucci, and Susanna Bormioli, and Paola Parronchi, and Francesco Liotta, and Lorenzo Cosmi, and Fabio Almerigogna, and Alessandra Vultaggio
Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are the most prevalent group of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in adults and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) is the mainstay therapy to improve clinical outcomes. IRT is, however, expensive and, in minor PAD, clear recommendations concerning IRT are lacking. We conducted a retrospective real-life study to assess the effectiveness of low-dose IRT in minor PAD on 143 patients fulfilling European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) diagnostic criteria for immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass deficiency (IgGSD) or unclassified antibody deficiency (UAD). All patients were treated with intravenous low-dose IRT (0.14 ± 0.06 g/kg/month). Immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and IgG subclasses were measured at baseline and after 1 year of IRT. The annual rate of total infections, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and hospitalizations was measured at baseline and after 1 and 2 years of IRT. After 1 year of IRT significant improvement was demonstrated in: (a) serum IgG (787.9 ± 229.3 versus 929.1 ± 206.7 mg/dl; p < 0.0001); (b) serum IgG subclasses (IgG1 = 351.4 ± 109.9 versus 464.3 ± 124.1, p < 0.0001; IgG2 = 259.1 ± 140 versus 330.6 ± 124.9, p < 0.0001; IgG3 = 50.2 ± 26.7 versus 55.6 ± 28.9 mg/dl, p < 0.002); (c) annual rate of total infections (5.75 ± 3.87 versus 2.13 ± 1.74, p < 0.0001), URTI (1.48 ± 3.15 versus 0.69 ± 1.27; p < 0.005), LRTI (3.89 ± 3.52 versus 1.29 ± 1.37; p < 0.0001) and hospitalizations (0.37 ± 0.77 versus 0.15 ± 0.5; p < 0.0002). The improvement persisted after 2 years of IRT. No significant improvement in URTI annual rate was noted in UAD and in patients with bronchiectasis. In conclusion, low-dose IRT can improve clinical outcomes in UAD and IgGSD patients, providing a potential economical advantage over the standard IRT dose.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007074 Immunoglobulin G The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B. Gamma Globulin, 7S,IgG,IgG Antibody,Allerglobuline,IgG(T),IgG1,IgG2,IgG2A,IgG2B,IgG3,IgG4,Immunoglobulin GT,Polyglobin,7S Gamma Globulin,Antibody, IgG,GT, Immunoglobulin
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D012141 Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. Respiratory System Infections,Upper Respiratory Tract Infection,Upper Respiratory Tract Infections,Infections, Respiratory,Infections, Respiratory Tract,Infections, Upper Respiratory,Infections, Upper Respiratory Tract,Respiratory Infections,Upper Respiratory Infections,Infection, Respiratory System,Infection, Respiratory Tract,Respiratory Infection, Upper,Respiratory System Infection,Respiratory Tract Infection
D001987 Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. Cylindrical Bronchiectasis,Cystic Bronchiectasis,Saccular Bronchiectasis,Varicose Bronchiectasis,Bronchiectases,Bronchiectasis, Cylindrical,Bronchiectasis, Cystic,Bronchiectasis, Saccular,Bronchiectasis, Varicose,Cylindrical Bronchiectases,Cystic Bronchiectases,Saccular Bronchiectases,Varicose Bronchiectases
D005260 Female Females
D006760 Hospitalization The confinement of a patient in a hospital. Hospitalizations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000081207 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations. Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease,Congenital Immunodeficiency Diseases,Congenital Immunodeficiency Disorder,Congenital Immunodeficiency Disorders,Congenital Immunodeficiency Syndrome,Congenital Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Inherited Immunodeficiency Disease,Inherited Immunodeficiency Diseases,Inherited Immunodeficiency Disorder,Inherited Immunodeficiency Disorders,Inherited Immunodeficiency Syndrome,Inherited Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Primary Antibody Deficiencies,Primary Antibody Deficiency Disorder,Primary Antibody Deficiency Disorders,Primary Antibody Deficiency Syndrome,Primary Antibody Deficiency Syndromes,Primary Immune Deficiency,Primary Immune Deficiency Disease,Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases,Primary Immune Deficiency Disorder,Primary Immune Deficiency Disorders,Primary Immune Deficiency Syndrome,Primary Immune Deficiency Syndromes,Primary Immunodeficiency Disease,Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder,Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders,Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Antibody Deficiency, Primary,Deficiency, Primary Immune,Immune Deficiency, Primary,Immunodeficiency Disease, Congenital,Immunodeficiency Disease, Inherited,Immunodeficiency Disease, Primary,Immunodeficiency Diseases, Congenital,Immunodeficiency Diseases, Inherited,Immunodeficiency Diseases, Primary,Immunodeficiency Disorder, Congenital,Immunodeficiency Disorder, Inherited,Immunodeficiency Disorder, Primary,Immunodeficiency Disorders, Congenital,Immunodeficiency Disorders, Inherited,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Congenital,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Inherited,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Primary,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Congenital,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Inherited,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Primary,Inherited Immunodeficiency Syndrome,Primary Antibody Deficiency,Primary Immune Deficiencies,Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly

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