-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Imatinib in patients with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. 2021
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
The major complication of COVID-19 is hypoxaemic respiratory failure from capillary leak and alveolar oedema. Experimental and early clinical data suggest that the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor imatinib reverses pulmonary capillary leak. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was done at 13 academic and non-academic teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Hospitalised patients (aged ≥18 years) with COVID-19, as confirmed by an RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, requiring supplemental oxygen to maintain a peripheral oxygen saturation of greater than 94% were eligible. Patients were excluded if they had severe pre-existing pulmonary disease, had pre-existing heart failure, had undergone active treatment of a haematological or non-haematological malignancy in the previous 12 months, had cytopenia, or were receiving concomitant treatment with medication known to strongly interact with imatinib. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either oral imatinib, given as a loading dose of 800 mg on day 0 followed by 400 mg daily on days 1-9, or placebo. Randomisation was done with a computer-based clinical data management platform with variable block sizes (containing two, four, or six patients), stratified by study site. The primary outcome was time to discontinuation of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen for more than 48 consecutive hours, while being alive during a 28-day period. Secondary outcomes included safety, mortality at 28 days, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. All efficacy and safety analyses were done in all randomised patients who had received at least one dose of study medication (modified intention-to-treat population). This study is registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT 2020-001236-10). Between March 31, 2020, and Jan 4, 2021, 805 patients were screened, of whom 400 were eligible and randomly assigned to the imatinib group (n=204) or the placebo group (n=196). A total of 385 (96%) patients (median age 64 years [IQR 56-73]) received at least one dose of study medication and were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. Time to discontinuation of ventilation and supplemental oxygen for more than 48 h was not significantly different between the two groups (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·95 [95% CI 0·76-1·20]). At day 28, 15 (8%) of 197 patients had died in the imatinib group compared with 27 (14%) of 188 patients in the placebo group (unadjusted HR 0·51 [0·27-0·95]). After adjusting for baseline imbalances between the two groups (sex, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) the HR for mortality was 0·52 (95% CI 0·26-1·05). The HR for mechanical ventilation in the imatinib group compared with the placebo group was 1·07 (0·63-1·80; p=0·81). The median duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 7 days (IQR 3-13) in the imatinib group compared with 12 days (6-20) in the placebo group (p=0·0080). 91 (46%) of 197 patients in the imatinib group and 82 (44%) of 188 patients in the placebo group had at least one grade 3 or higher adverse event. The safety evaluation revealed no imatinib-associated adverse events. The study failed to meet its primary outcome, as imatinib did not reduce the time to discontinuation of ventilation and supplemental oxygen for more than 48 consecutive hours in patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen. The observed effects on survival (although attenuated after adjustment for baseline imbalances) and duration of mechanical ventilation suggest that imatinib might confer clinical benefit in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, but further studies are required to validate these findings. Amsterdam Medical Center Foundation, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ZonMW, and the European Union Innovative Medicines Initiative 2.
Related Publications
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
May 2020,
Lancet (London, England),
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
October 2022,
The European respiratory journal,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
June 2022,
Infectious medicine,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
May 2021,
The Lancet. Respiratory medicine,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
November 2022,
EClinicalMedicine,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
June 2021,
The Lancet. Rheumatology,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
February 2022,
Lancet (London, England),
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
March 2008,
Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
August 1990,
Epilepsy research,
Jurjan Aman, and
Erik Duijvelaar, and
Liza Botros, and
Azar Kianzad, and
Job R Schippers, and
Patrick J Smeele, and
Sara Azhang, and
Imke H Bartelink, and
Ahmed A Bayoumy, and
Pierre M Bet, and
Wim Boersma, and
Peter I Bonta, and
Karin A T Boomars, and
Lieuwe D J Bos, and
Job J M H van Bragt, and
Gert-Jan Braunstahl, and
Lucas R Celant, and
Katrien A B Eger, and
J J Miranda Geelhoed, and
Yurika L E van Glabbeek, and
Hans P Grotjohan, and
Laura A Hagens, and
Chris M Happe, and
Boaz D Hazes, and
Leo M A Heunks, and
Michel van den Heuvel, and
Wouter Hoefsloot, and
Rianne J A Hoek, and
Romke Hoekstra, and
Herman M A Hofstee, and
Nicole P Juffermans, and
E Marleen Kemper, and
Renate Kos, and
Peter W A Kunst, and
Ariana Lammers, and
Ivo van der Lee, and
E Laurien van der Lee, and
Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, and
Pearl F M Mau Asam, and
Adinda Mieras, and
Mirte Muller, and
Elisabeth C W Neefjes, and
Esther J Nossent, and
Laurien M A Oswald, and
Maria J Overbeek, and
Carolina C Pamplona, and
Nienke Paternotte, and
Niels Pronk, and
Michiel A de Raaf, and
Bas F M van Raaij, and
Merlijn Reijrink, and
Marcus J Schultz, and
Ary Serpa Neto, and
Elise M A Slob, and
Frank W J M Smeenk, and
Marry R Smit, and
A Josien Smits, and
Janneke E Stalenhoef, and
Pieter R Tuinman, and
Arthur L E M Vanhove, and
Jeroen N Wessels, and
Jessie C C van Wezenbeek, and
Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and
Frances S de Man, and
Harm J Bogaard
September 2021,
The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology,
