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Changing Pattern of Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 Gene Polymorphisms in Southern Rwanda. 2021
Welmoed van Loon, and
Clara Bergmann, and
Felix Habarugira, and
Costanza Tacoli, and
Darius Savelsberg, and
Rafael Oliveira, and
Djibril Mbarushimana, and
Jules Ndoli, and
Augustin Sendegeya, and
Claude Bayingana, and
Frank P Mockenhaupt
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany.
Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance-1 gene (pfmdr1) polymorphisms associate with altered antimalarial susceptibility. Between 2010 and 2018/2019, we observed that the prevalence of the wild-type allele N86 and the wild-type combination NYD increased 10-fold (4% versus 40%) and more than 2-fold (18% versus 44%), respectively. Haplotypes other than NYD or NFD declined by up to >90%. Our molecular data suggest the pfmdr1 pattern shifted toward one associated with artemether-lumefantrine resistance.
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