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Update on Upper Cervical Injury Classifications: The New AO Upper Cervical Spine Classification System. 2022
Alexander R Vaccaro, and
Brian A Karamian, and
Hannah A Levy, and
Jose A Canseco, and
Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran, and
Lorin M Benneker, and
F Cumhur Oner, and
Frank Kandziora, and
Klaus J Schnake, and
Christopher K Kepler, and
Gregory D Schroeder
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
The upper cervical spine accounts for the largest proportion of cervical range of motion afforded by a complex system of bony morphology and ligamentous stability. Its unique anatomy, however, also makes it particularly vulnerable during both low and high energy trauma. Trauma to this area, referred to as upper cervical spine trauma, can disrupt the stability of the upper cervical spine and result in a wide spectrum of injury. Numerous upper cervical injury classification systems have been proposed, each of which have distinct limitations and drawbacks that have prevented their universal adoption. In this article, we provide an overview of previous classifications, with an emphasis on the development of the new AO Spine Upper Cervical Classification System (AO Spine UCCS).
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