Problems arising the examination and treatment of children with gynaecological disorders are described. Over a period of 8 years 1300 newborn to 15 year-old girls were given a gynaecological check-up at the outpatient department for infants and juveniles at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Vienna. The average age of the young patients was 7.6 years. The most frequent condition diagnosed was vulvovaginitis (43%), followed by pathological vaginal bleeding (13%), vulval disorders (7%) and suspicion of intravaginal foreign body (5%); about twenty additional disorders were diagnosed. Absolute and extended indications for Gynaecological and vaginoscopic examination, as well as therapeutic recommendations are enumerated.