BACKGROUND It is recommended for each set of radiation data and algorithm that subtle deliberation is done regarding dose calculation accuracy. Knowing the errors in dose calculation for each treatment plan will result in an accurate estimate of the actual dose achieved by the tumor. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the equivalent path length (EPL) and equivalent tissue air ratio (ETAR) algorithms in radiation dose calculation. METHODS In this experimental study, the TEC-DOC 1583 guideline was used. Measurements and calculations were obtained for each algorithm at specific points in thorax CIRS phantom for 6 and 18 MVs and results were compared. RESULTS In the EPL, calculations were in agreement with measurements for 27 points and differences between them ranged from 0.1% to 10.4% at 6 MV. The calculations were in agreement with measurements for 21 points and differences between them ranged from 0.4% to 13% at 18 MV. In ETAR, calculations were also in consistent with measurements for 21 points, and differences between them ranged from 0.1% to 9% at 6 MV. Moreover, for 18 MV, the calculations were in agreement with measurements for 17 points and differences between them ranged from 0% to 11%. CONCLUSIONS For the EPL algorithm, more dose points were in consistent with acceptance criteria. The errors in the ETAR were 1% to 2% less than the EPL. The greatest calculation error occurs in low-density lung tissue with inhomogeneities or in high-density bone. Errors were larger in shallow depths. The error in higher energy was more than low energy beam.