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1. The pulse rate of patients after application of racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords depends more on the level of anxiety and stress than on the level of the epinephrine. 2. Blood pressure is elevated by placement of racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords upon an exposed vascular bed or lacerated tissue. 3. Four percent racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords cause less elevation of blood pressure than 8% racemic epinephrine cords. 4. Although the elevations in blood pressure from 8% cord occur within a narrow range, this range may be hazardous to cardiac patients. Therefore, 4% racemic epinephrine cord should be used. 5. A desirable amount of tissue retraction is produced by 4% racemic epinephrine cord. 6. Dry cords do not provide adequate retraction of tissue and are contraindicated for tissue-retraction purposes.
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
November 1981,
Schweizerische Monatsschrift fur Zahnheilkunde = Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
July 1982,
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939),
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
December 1988,
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
June 1949,
Journal of applied physiology,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
November 1986,
The Indian journal of medical research,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
October 1958,
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939),
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
August 1972,
The American journal of physiology,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
July 1988,
International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
January 2012,
Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference,
R B Pelzner, and
D Kempler, and
M M Stark, and
L B Lum, and
R J Nicholson, and
K B Soelberg
June 1969,
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939),
