A survey of community-based physicians and dentists from the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area was conducted to assess the practices and attitudes of these health professionals relative to hepatitis B prevention. Mail questionnaires were sent to 200 physicians and 200 dentists. An overall response rate of 50 percent was obtained with one follow-up to all nonrespondents. The preventive practices adopted by the physicians were found to differ significantly from those of the dentists, including risk factors, history taking, using gloves and/or masks, and routinely screening for serologic markers. The physicians were significantly more likely than the dentists to be unwilling to take a safe, effective, hepatitis vaccine (p less than .01). Concerns about long-term safety and side effects were the most frequently mentioned reasons for this attitude. Though most survey respondents believed that if they were to become a hepatitis B chronic carrier, it would be better to know about it. Twenty six percent of the physicians and 14 percent of the dentists believed that not knowing about being a chronic carrier would be protective in a legal action against them. A majority of all of the health professionals surveyed felt that knowing their carrier status could jeopardize their career.