Most of the existing ultrasonic-guided wave tomography approaches to map structural changes in plate-like waveguides are based on the assumption of an isotropic material model. However, there are many other engineering applications that are made of anisotropic materials and structures. Applying these techniques on such structures becomes complicated due to the anisotropic wave propagation behavior. The main challenge is to develop a suitable forward model that describes the wave propagation in such material, thereby enabling accurate reconstruction of the material properties. The present study proposes an anisotropic formulation of the acoustic forward model to map velocity variations induced by defects in anisotropic plates. The anisotropic behavior of the waves along the plate is simulated by implementing approximate anisotropic parameters. The velocity reconstruction is based on a full-waveform inversion algorithm, and its performance is investigated in the case of different degrees of anisotropy of the plate material and the defect. The results suggest that the method is highly suitable for imaging velocity changes due to defects. This is found to be the case when the defect has a similar anisotropic structure to the surrounding plate material. The validation experiment is performed on a multilayered composite plate with a circular defect of stiffness reduction using A0 mode, showing a very good performance of the reconstruction algorithm.