Primary Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Neurolymphomatosis Involving Multiple Cranial Nerves: A Case Report. 2022

Sharmila Ghosh, and Jacques Azzi, and Amy M Chan, and Kambiz Nael, and Anne S Renteria, and Amir Steinberg, and Bruce E Petersen
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare condition caused by the lymphomatous or leukemic infiltration of nerves and manifests as neuropathy. Most often, NL is associated with B-lineage non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and only infrequently occurs in conjunction with T- or NK-lineage NHL. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL)-associated NL is exceedingly unusual, with only 9 cases described in the English language literature, in addition to our case. Diagnosis of NL is challenging, as the entity can mimic neuropathies of more common etiologies, and an adequate biopsy may be difficult to obtain. Timely diagnosis demands a high index of suspicion, especially for patients without a history of hematologic malignancy. We expand upon a unique case of NL exclusively involving cranial nerves and cauda equina nerve roots, as the initial manifestation of ENKTL, and contextualize our findings within the framework of previously reported NK/T-lineage NL cases.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D003391 Cranial Nerves Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers. Cranial Nerve,Nerve, Cranial,Nerves, Cranial
D003937 Diagnosis, Differential Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures. Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077162 Neurolymphomatosis Infiltration of the nervous system by malignant lymphoma cells. Primary Neurolymphomatosis,Neurolymphomatoses,Neurolymphomatoses, Primary,Neurolymphomatosis, Primary,Primary Neurolymphomatoses
D054391 Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell An extranodal neoplasm, usually possessing an NK-cell phenotype and associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS. These lymphomas exhibit a broad morphologic spectrum, frequent necrosis, angioinvasion, and most commonly present in the midfacial region, but also in other extranodal sites. Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma,Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal,Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type,Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal and Nasal-Type,Extranodal NK T Cell Lymphoma,Extranodal NK T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal,Extranodal NK T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type,Extranodal NK T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal and Nasal Type,Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphomas,Lymphoma, Extranodal NK T Cell,Lymphomas, Extranodal NK-T-Cell,NK-T-Cell Lymphoma, Extranodal,NK-T-Cell Lymphomas, Extranodal

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