-transparent.png){kind=logo}
The risk of leukemia was evaluated in 9,170 2-or-more-year survivors of childhood cancer in the 13 institutions of the Late Effects Study Group. Secondary leukemia occurred in 22 nonreferred individuals compared to 1.52 expected, based on general population rates [relative risk (RR) = 14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9-22]. The influence of therapy for the first cancer on subsequent leukemia risk was determined by a case-control study conducted on 25 cases and 90 matched controls. Treatment with alkylating agents was associated with a significantly elevated risk of leukemia (RR = 4.8; 95% CI, 1.2-18.9). A strong dose-response relationship was also observed between leukemia risk and total dose of alkylating agents, estimated by an alkylator score. The RR of leukemia reached 23 in the highest dose category. Radiation therapy, however, did not increase risk. Although doxorubicin was also identified as a possible risk factor, the excess risk of leukemia following treatment for childhood cancer appears almost entirely due to alkylating agents.
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
June 1983,
The New England journal of medicine,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
May 2001,
Medical and pediatric oncology,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
March 1996,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
December 1982,
The New England journal of medicine,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
June 2015,
Human reproduction (Oxford, England),
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
January 1999,
Drugs,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
July 1977,
The New England journal of medicine,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
January 1996,
The Journal of infusional chemotherapy,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
January 1976,
Obstetrics and gynecology,
M A Tucker, and
A T Meadows, and
J D Boice, and
M Stovall, and
O Oberlin, and
B J Stone, and
J Birch, and
P A Voûte, and
R N Hoover, and
J F Fraumeni
April 1992,
BMJ (Clinical research ed.),
