OBJECTIVE This study explored nursing students' compliance with standard precautions (SPs) and attitudes to SPs in Thailand, to identify factors that may increase adherence to SPs and infection prevention and control best practice. BACKGROUND In the context of high rates of healthcare associated infections as in Thailand, effective strategies to promote high levels of clinician adherence to SPs is a priority. Nursing students are one group of healthcare workers who play a vital role in caring for patients and constitute the future nursing workforce. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used. METHODS A self-reported survey comprising the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale and the Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale were distributed to nursing students as a Thai paper-based survey. RESULTS A total of '533 second' to fourth year nursing students from a tertiary nursing school in Bangkok, Thailand completed the survey. The average nursing student compliance to SPs was 68.5%. Most (91.2%) reported only using water for handwashing and 57.2% reported reuse of surgical masks. The fourth-year students had higher compliance (M=3.90, SD=1.12) on the 'prevention of cross infection from person-to-person' dimension while second-year students reported higher compliance on the 'disposal of sharps' (M=2.67, SD=0.57) dimension. 'Contextual Cues' was identified as the factor (M=3.41, SD=0.40) that had the greatest influence on adherence and 'Practice Culture' (M=1.84, SD=0.66) and 'Justification' (M = 1.35, SD.68 had the lowest influence. Fourth year students identified 'Leadership' (M=2.90, SD=0.49) as an important influence on adherence to SPs. CONCLUSIONS To increase nursing students' adherence there needs to be greater emphasis on the importance of SPs in theoretical sessions and regular monitoring and feedback on hand hygiene performance and personal protective equipment use while students are on placements. More visible organizational leadership and promotion of high levels of adherence to SPs may assist students to translate their theoretical knowledge into practice.