Heart rhythm characterization during sudden cardiac death in dogs. 2021

R Santilli, and V Saponaro, and L Carlucci, and M Perego, and S Battaia, and M Borgarelli
Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, AniCura, Via G. Marconi 27, Samarate, Varese, 21017, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. Electronic address: rs2259@cornell.edu.

OBJECTIVE Inherited or acquired arrhythmic disorders and cardiac disease have been associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in dogs. The electrical mechanism related to death in most of these cases is unknown. This retrospective study aimed to describe arrhythmic events in dogs that experienced SCD during Holter monitoring. METHODS Nineteen client-owned dogs that experienced SCD during Holter examination were included. Clinical records from a Holter service database were reviewed, and both the rhythm preceding death and the dominant rhythm causing SCD were analysed. Clinical data, Holter diaries and echocardiographic diagnosis were also evaluated. RESULTS Structural heart disease was identified in 12/19 dogs (dilated cardiomyopathy in five dogs, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in four dogs, myxomatous mitral valve disease in two dogs, and suspected myocarditis in one dog), five of which had concurrent congestive heart failure. Sudden cardiac death was related to ventricular premature complexes or monomorphic ventricular tachycardia degenerating into ventricular fibrillation in 42% of dogs, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, or torsade de pointes-like inducing ventricular fibrillation in 21%, and asystole or presumptive agonal pulseless electrical activity triggered by malignant bradyarrhythmias in 37%. CONCLUSIONS The most common rhythm associated with SCD in our population of dogs was ventricular tachycardia leading to ventricular fibrillation, although bradyarrhythmia-related SCD, possibly related to inappropriate vagal reflexes, was also a notable cause.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004283 Dog Diseases Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. Canine Diseases,Canine Disease,Disease, Canine,Disease, Dog,Diseases, Canine,Diseases, Dog,Dog Disease
D004285 Dogs The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065) Canis familiaris,Dog
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001145 Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. Arrhythmia,Arrythmia,Cardiac Arrhythmia,Cardiac Arrhythmias,Cardiac Dysrhythmia,Arrhythmia, Cardiac,Dysrhythmia, Cardiac
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D015716 Electrocardiography, Ambulatory Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia. Ambulatory Electrocardiography,Electrocardiography, Dynamic,Electrocardiography, Holter,Holter ECG,Holter EKG,Holter Monitoring,Monitoring, Ambulatory Electrocardiographic,Monitoring, Holter,Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitoring,Dynamic Electrocardiography,Electrocardiography Monitoring, Ambulatory,Holter Electrocardiography,Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Monitoring,ECG, Holter,ECGs, Holter,EKG, Holter,EKGs, Holter,Electrocardiographic Monitoring, Ambulatory,Holter ECGs,Holter EKGs,Monitoring, Ambulatory Electrocardiography
D016757 Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) Cardiac Sudden Death,Sudden Cardiac Death,Cardiac Arrest, Sudden,Sudden Cardiac Arrest,Arrest, Sudden Cardiac,Cardiac Arrests, Sudden,Cardiac Death, Sudden,Death, Cardiac Sudden,Death, Sudden Cardiac,Sudden Death, Cardiac
D017180 Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia,Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia,Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia,Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias,Ventricular Tachycardia,Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardias,Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardias,Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias,Supraventricular Tachycardia, Paroxysmal,Tachyarrhythmia, Ventricular,Tachycardia, Idiopathic Ventricular,Tachycardia, Nonsustained Ventricular,Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Supraventricular,Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia,Ventricular Tachycardia, Idiopathic,Ventricular Tachycardia, Nonsustained,Ventricular Tachycardias

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