Biomaterial Database

What are the functions of psychiatric classifications? 2021

Christophe Gauld

Department of Psychiatry, University of Grenoble, Avenue du Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38 000 Grenoble, France; UMR CNRS 8590 IHPST, Sorbonne University, Paris 1, France. Electronic address: Christophe.Gauld@etu.univ-paris1.fr.

Faced with clinical, methodological, conceptual and modeling challenges, psychiatric nosology turned forty years ago towards a descriptive approach, with the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). More recently, the discipline has sought answers in precision medicine and biomarkers, e.g., with the Research Domain Criteria project of the National Institute for Mental Health, towards statistical and dimensional approaches, e.g., the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, or towards dynamic (e.g., staging models) and computational approaches (e.g., symptom network in psychopathology). However, despite these attempts to guardedly move away from a descriptive perspective, the functions of classifications have remained the same in psychiatry over time. These functions could be seen as the guarantee of a stable ground for psychiatry, and it seems necessary that they be made explicit from methodological and deontological points of view.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011570	Psychiatry	The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.
D011599	Psychopathology	The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001523	Mental Disorders	Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	Mental Illness,Psychiatric Diseases,Psychiatric Disorders,Psychiatric Illness,Behavior Disorders,Diagnosis, Psychiatric,Mental Disorders, Severe,Psychiatric Diagnosis,Illness, Mental,Mental Disorder,Mental Disorder, Severe,Mental Illnesses,Psychiatric Disease,Psychiatric Disorder,Psychiatric Illnesses,Severe Mental Disorder,Severe Mental Disorders
D038801	International Classification of Diseases	A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.	ICD Code,ICD Codes,ICD-10,ICD-9,International Classification of Disease,ICD-10 Procedure Coding System,ICD-10-CM,ICD-10-PCS,ICD-11,ICD-9-CM,International Classification of Disease Codes,International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Code, ICD,Codes, ICD,Disease International Classification,Disease International Classifications,ICD 10 Procedure Coding System
D039721	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders	Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)	DSM-IV,DSM-II,DSM-III,DSM-V