Biomaterial Database

Fungal xylanolytic enzymes: Diversity and applications. 2022

Xinxin Li, and Adiphol Dilokpimol, and Mirjam A Kabel, and Ronald P de Vries

Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.

As important polysaccharide degraders in nature, fungi can diversify their extensive set of carbohydrate-active enzymes to survive in ecological habitats of various composition. Among these enzymes, xylanolytic ones can efficiently and sustainably degrade xylans into (fermentable) monosaccharides to produce valuable chemicals or fuels from, for example relevant for upgrading agro-food industrial side streams. Moreover, xylanolytic enzymes are being used in various industrial applications beyond biomass saccharification, e.g. food, animal feed, biofuel, pulp and paper. As a reference for researchers working in related areas, this review summarized the current knowledge on substrate specificity of xylanolytic enzymes from different families of the Carbohydrate-Active enZyme database. Additionally, the diversity of enzyme sets in fungi were discussed by comparing the number of genes encoding xylanolytic enzymes in selected fungal genomes. Finally, to support bio-economy, the current applications of fungal xylanolytic enzymes in industry were reviewed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D005656	Fungal Proteins	Proteins found in any species of fungus.	Fungal Gene Products,Fungal Gene Proteins,Fungal Peptides,Gene Products, Fungal,Yeast Proteins,Gene Proteins, Fungal,Peptides, Fungal,Proteins, Fungal
D005658	Fungi	A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.	Fungi, Filamentous,Molds,Filamentous Fungi,Filamentous Fungus,Fungus,Fungus, Filamentous,Mold
D014990	Xylans	Polysaccharides consisting of xylose units.	Xylan
D014995	Xylosidases	A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha- or beta-xylosidic linkages. EC 3.2.1.8 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.32 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.37 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans; and EC 3.2.1.72 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans. Other xylosidases have been identified that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-xylosidic bonds.	Xylobiases,Xylan Hydrolases,Hydrolases, Xylan
D016681	Genome, Fungal	The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.	Fungal Genome,Fungal Genomes,Genomes, Fungal
D043364	Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases	Enzymes which catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in XYLANS.	Endo-1,4-beta-Xylanase,1,4-beta-D-Xylanohydrolase,Beta-1-4-Endoxylanase,Endo-1,4-Xylanase II,Endo-1,4-beta-Xylanase II,Endoxylanase,Xylanase A,Xylanase B,Xylanase C,Xylanase D,Xylanase J,Xylanase Y,Xylanase Z,beta Xylanase,1,4 beta D Xylanohydrolase,Beta 1 4 Endoxylanase,Endo 1,4 Xylanase II,Endo 1,4 beta Xylanase,Endo 1,4 beta Xylanase II,Endo 1,4 beta Xylanases,Xylanase, beta,Xylanases, Endo-1,4-beta