Biomaterial Database

High salt activates p97 to reduce host antiviral immunity by restricting Viperin induction. 2022

Yukang Yuan, and Ying Miao, and Tengfei Ren, and Fan Huang, and Liping Qian, and Xiangjie Chen, and Yibo Zuo, and Hong-Guang Zhang, and Jiuyi He, and Caixia Qiao, and Qian Du, and Qiuyu Wu, and Wei Zhang, and Chuanwu Zhu, and Yang Xu, and Depei Wu, and Weifeng Shi, and Jingting Jiang, and Guoqiang Xu, and Hui Zheng

International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.

High-salt diets have recently been implicated in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease. However, whether and how dietary salt affects host antiviral response remain elusive. Here, we report that high salt induces an instant reduction in host antiviral immunity, although this effect is compromised during a long-term high-salt diet. Further studies reveal that high salt stimulates the acetylation at Lys663 of p97, which promotes the recruitment of ubiquitinated proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation. p97-mediated degradation of the deubiquitinase USP33 results in a deficiency of Viperin protein expression during viral infection, which substantially attenuates host antiviral ability. Importantly, switching to a low-salt diet during viral infection significantly enhances Viperin expression and improves host antiviral ability. These findings uncover dietary salt-induced regulation of ubiquitinated cellular proteins and host antiviral immunity, and could offer insight into the daily consumption of salt-containing diets during virus epidemics.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007113	Immunity, Innate	The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.	Immunity, Native,Immunity, Natural,Immunity, Non-Specific,Resistance, Natural,Innate Immune Response,Innate Immunity,Immune Response, Innate,Immune Responses, Innate,Immunity, Non Specific,Innate Immune Responses,Native Immunity,Natural Immunity,Natural Resistance,Non-Specific Immunity
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000090103	Antiviral Restriction Factors	A broad category of endogenous host cellular factors upregulated in response to pathogens (i.e., INTERFERON-stimulated genes) and recruited to interfere with VIRAL REPLICATION and/or trigger host antiviral CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE.	Antiviral Effectors,Cellular Restriction Factors,Host Cell Restriction Factors,Restriction Factors, Antiviral
D014777	Virus Diseases	A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	Viral Diseases,Viral Infections,Virus Infections,Disease, Viral,Disease, Virus,Diseases, Viral,Diseases, Virus,Infection, Viral,Infection, Virus,Infections, Viral,Infections, Virus,Viral Disease,Viral Infection,Virus Disease,Virus Infection
D014780	Viruses	Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.	Animal Viruses,Zoophaginae,Animal Virus,Virus,Virus, Animal,Viruses, Animal
D017673	Sodium Chloride, Dietary	Sodium chloride used in foods.	Dietary Sodium Chloride,Table Salt,Chloride, Dietary Sodium,Salt, Table
D043222	Ubiquitin Thiolesterase	A thioester hydrolase which acts on esters formed between thiols such as DITHIOTHREITOL or GLUTATHIONE and the C-terminal glycine residue of UBIQUITIN.	Neuron Cytoplasmic Protein 9.5,PARK5 Protein,Parkinson Disease 5 Protein,UCHL1 Protein,Ubiquitin C-Terminal Esterase,Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase,Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Esterase,Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase,Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase Isozyme L1,Uch-L1 Protein,C-Terminal Esterase, Ubiquitin,C-Terminal Hydrolase, Ubiquitin,Carboxy-Terminal Esterase, Ubiquitin,Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase, Ubiquitin,Esterase, Ubiquitin C-Terminal,Esterase, Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal,Hydrolase, Ubiquitin C-Terminal,Hydrolase, Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal,Thiolesterase, Ubiquitin,Ubiquitin C Terminal Esterase,Ubiquitin C Terminal Hydrolase,Ubiquitin Carboxy Terminal Esterase,Ubiquitin Carboxy Terminal Hydrolase,Ubiquitin Carboxyl Terminal Hydrolase Isozyme L1,Uch L1 Protein
D044925	Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors	A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.	Oxidoreductases Acting on CH CH Group Donors
D054875	Ubiquitination	The act of ligating UBIQUITINS to PROTEINS to form ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes to label proteins for transport to the PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX where proteolysis occurs.	Ubiquitylation