Styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-copolymer: a study on extractable and migratable oligomers. 2022

Marie Kubicova, and Elise Puchta, and Sebastian Säger, and Constanze Hug, and Sandra Hofmann, and Thomas J Simat
Chair for Food Chemistry and Food and Skin Contact Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Styrene-acrylonitrile-copolymer (SAN) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-copolymer (ABS) are gaining in importance as food contact materials. Oligomers and other non-intentionally added substances can migrate into foodstuffs. Five SAN and four ABS samples from the German market and manufacturers were extracted and the extractable oligomers were characterised by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ultraviolet detection/chemiluminescence nitrogen detection/fluorescence detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trimers, formed from acrylonitrile and styrene units, were determined to be the dominating group of extractable oligomers in SAN and ABS in concentrations of about 4900-15800 mg/kg material. Furthermore, styrene-acrylonitrile dimers, styrene oligomers, styrene monomer and ethylbenzene were identified in the sample extracts. Migration testing with three consecutive migrations for multiple use articles was performed for two SAN articles. Migration of trimers into water, 3% acetic acid, 10% and 20% ethanol under hot-fill conditions (70°C, 2 h) was not detectable above 9 µg/dm2, while 50% ethanol acting as a food simulant for milk (124 µg/dm2 trimers during the third migration) was shown to overestimate the actual migration into milk (< 11 µg/dm2 trimers at 70°C, 2 h). 2-Amino-3-methyl-1-naphthalenecarbonitrile (AMNC), an oligomer degradation product and a primary aromatic amine, was detected in all material sample extracts (0.3-17.1 mg/kg material) and was released into food simulants in low amounts (< 0.014 µg/dm2 during the third migration into 50% ethanol at 70°C, 2 h).

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011108 Polymers Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS). Polymer
D002070 Butadienes Four carbon unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two double bonds. Butadiene Derivative,Butadiene Derivatives,Derivative, Butadiene,Derivatives, Butadiene
D005504 Food Analysis Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD. Analysis, Food,Analyses, Food,Food Analyses
D005506 Food Contamination The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage. Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D000181 Acrylonitrile A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber. Vinyl Cyanide,Cyanide, Vinyl
D020058 Styrene A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics. Styrene Monomer,Styrol,Vinylbenzene,Monomer, Styrene

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