Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2. 2022

S Elilarasi, and V Poovazhagi, and G Kumaravel, and V Gomathy Srividya, and J Ritchie Sharon Solomon
Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600008, India.

To know the clinical presentation and outcome of children with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV- 2 (PIMS-TS) at a pediatric tertiary care center in Chennai. Clinical and biochemical parameters of 65 children with PIMS-TS treated between July and October 2020 were studied. All children had their COVID RT-PCR and IgG COVID antibodies tests done. Mean age of the study group was 5.65 ± 3.68 y. Fever with red eyes, rash, vomiting, abdominal pain, and shock were common presenting features. Sixty percent of the study group had Kawasaki/incomplete Kawasaki features. Sixty-seven percent of the study group had coronary dilatation, 41% presented with shock, and 25% had left ventricular dysfunction. Coronary aneurysms were documented in 58% of the study group (z score more than 2.5). Respiratory presentation with pneumonia was seen in 10%. Four children presented with acute abdomen. Acute kidney injury, acute liver failure, hemolysis, pancytopenia, macrophage activation syndrome, encephalopathy, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were other features. Forty-three percent required noninvasive oxygen support and 15.4% required mechanical ventilation. Intravenous immunoglobulin (73.8%) and methylprednisolone (49.8%) were used for therapy. Mortality in the study was 6%, which was due to MODS. Acute febrile illness with mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations should have PIMS-TS as a possible differential diagnosis and needs evaluation with inflammatory markers and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007194 India A country in southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. The capitol is New Delhi. Republic of India
D009102 Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative. MODS,Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome,Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Multiple,Organ Failure, Multiple,Failure, Multiple Organ,Multiple Organ Failures
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D005334 Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. Pyrexia,Fevers,Pyrexias
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000086382 COVID-19 A viral disorder generally characterized by high FEVER; COUGH; DYSPNEA; CHILLS; PERSISTENT TREMOR; MUSCLE PAIN; HEADACHE; SORE THROAT; a new loss of taste and/or smell (see AGEUSIA and ANOSMIA) and other symptoms of a VIRAL PNEUMONIA. In severe cases, a myriad of coagulopathy associated symptoms often correlating with COVID-19 severity is seen (e.g., BLOOD COAGULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; SEIZURES; HEART ATTACK; STROKE; multiple CEREBRAL INFARCTIONS; KIDNEY FAILURE; catastrophic ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME and/or DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION). In younger patients, rare inflammatory syndromes are sometimes associated with COVID-19 (e.g., atypical KAWASAKI SYNDROME; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease; and CYTOKINE STORM SYNDROME). A coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in the genus BETACORONAVIRUS is the causative agent. 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease,2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection,2019-nCoV Disease,2019-nCoV Infection,COVID-19 Pandemic,COVID-19 Pandemics,COVID-19 Virus Disease,COVID-19 Virus Infection,Coronavirus Disease 2019,Coronavirus Disease-19,SARS Coronavirus 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection,COVID19,2019 nCoV Disease,2019 nCoV Infection,2019-nCoV Diseases,2019-nCoV Infections,COVID 19,COVID 19 Pandemic,COVID 19 Virus Disease,COVID 19 Virus Infection,COVID-19 Virus Diseases,COVID-19 Virus Infections,Coronavirus Disease 19,Disease 2019, Coronavirus,Disease, 2019-nCoV,Disease, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, 2019-nCoV,Infection, COVID-19 Virus,Infection, SARS-CoV-2,Pandemic, COVID-19,SARS CoV 2 Infection,SARS-CoV-2 Infections,Virus Disease, COVID-19,Virus Infection, COVID-19
D000086402 SARS-CoV-2 A species of BETACORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (COVID-19) in humans. The organism was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The natural host is the Chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS affinis. 2019 Novel Coronavirus,COVID-19 Virus,COVID19 Virus,Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virus,SARS Coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2 Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2,Wuhan Coronavirus,Wuhan Seafood Market Pneumonia Virus,2019-nCoV,2019 Novel Coronaviruses,COVID 19 Virus,COVID-19 Viruses,COVID19 Viruses,Coronavirus 2, SARS,Coronavirus, 2019 Novel,Coronavirus, Wuhan,Novel Coronavirus, 2019,SARS CoV 2 Virus,SARS-CoV-2 Viruses,Virus, COVID-19,Virus, COVID19,Virus, SARS-CoV-2,Viruses, COVID19
D018746 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever >38 degrees C or HYPOTHERMIA <36 degrees C; (2) TACHYCARDIA >90 beat/minute; (3) tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) LEUKOCYTOSIS >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. While usually related to infection, SIRS can also be associated with noninfectious insults such as TRAUMA; BURNS; or PANCREATITIS. If infection is involved, a patient with SIRS is said to have SEPSIS. Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic,Sepsis Syndrome,Sepsis Syndromes,Syndrome, Sepsis,Syndromes, Sepsis

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