Biomaterial Database

Isolation and Transfection of Citrus Protoplasts with Citrus Exocortis Viroid. 2022

Subhas Hajeri, and James Ng, and Jude Grosser, and Georgios Vidalakis

Citrus Pest Detection Program, Central California Tristeza Eradication Agency, Tulare, CA, USA. shajeri@cctea.org.

Viroids are RNA-based infectious agents that are single-stranded, covalently closed circular, non-coding, and naked. Unlike RNA viruses, which at least encode proteins for replication, encapsidation, and movement, lack of protein-coding capacity of viroids makes them completely reliant on host for replication and movement. The high genetic diversity in viroids is believed to be due to the absence of proof-reading activity of the host RNA polymerases, the large population size, and the rapid rate of replication. Protoplasts are viable plant cells that are prepared by enzymatic removal of cell walls. Plant protoplasts provide a synchronous single-cell system for studying early events of viroid infection such as replication and genetic diversity at the cellular level. A simple and efficient method to isolate and transfect citrus protoplasts with transcript RNA of citrus exocortis viroid is described in this chapter.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010935	Plant Diseases	Diseases of plants.	Disease, Plant,Diseases, Plant,Plant Disease
D010944	Plants	Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae. Plants acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. It is a non-taxonomical term most often referring to LAND PLANTS. In broad sense it includes RHODOPHYTA and GLAUCOPHYTA along with VIRIDIPLANTAE.	Plant
D011523	Protoplasts	The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.	Protoplast
D002957	Citrus	A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.	Citron Tree,Fruit, Citrus,Lemon Tree,Orange Tree, Bitter,Orange Tree, Mandarin,Orange Tree, Seville,Orange Tree, Sour,Pomelo Tree,Pummelo Tree,Tangerine Tree,Citrus Fruit,Citrus aurantium,Citrus bergamia,Citrus grandis,Citrus hystrix,Citrus limon,Citrus maxima,Citrus medica,Citrus reticulata,Kaffir Lime,Bitter Orange Tree,Bitter Orange Trees,Citron Trees,Citrus aurantiums,Citrus bergamias,Citrus grandi,Citrus hystrices,Citrus medicas,Citrus reticulatas,Lemon Trees,Lime, Kaffir,Mandarin Orange Tree,Mandarin Orange Trees,Orange Trees, Bitter,Orange Trees, Mandarin,Orange Trees, Seville,Orange Trees, Sour,Pomelo Trees,Pummelo Trees,Seville Orange Tree,Seville Orange Trees,Sour Orange Tree,Sour Orange Trees,Tangerine Trees,Tree, Bitter Orange,Tree, Citron,Tree, Lemon,Tree, Mandarin Orange,Tree, Pomelo,Tree, Pummelo,Tree, Seville Orange,Tree, Sour Orange,Tree, Tangerine,Trees, Bitter Orange,Trees, Citron,Trees, Lemon,Trees, Mandarin Orange,Trees, Pomelo,Trees, Pummelo,Trees, Seville Orange,Trees, Sour Orange,Trees, Tangerine,aurantium, Citrus,bergamia, Citrus,hystrices, Citrus,maxima, Citrus,medicas, Citrus,reticulata, Citrus
D012313	RNA	A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	RNA, Non-Polyadenylated,Ribonucleic Acid,Gene Products, RNA,Non-Polyadenylated RNA,Acid, Ribonucleic,Non Polyadenylated RNA,RNA Gene Products,RNA, Non Polyadenylated
D012367	RNA, Viral	Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.	Viral RNA
D014162	Transfection	The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.	Transfections
D014772	Viroids	A group of pathogens comprising the smallest known agents of infectious disease. They are unencapsulated and are capable of replicating autonomously in susceptible cells. Positively identified viroids composed of single-stranded RNA have been isolated from higher plants, but the existence of DNA viroids pathogenic to animals is suspected.	Viroid