Biomaterial Database

REVIEW OF DNA VACCINE APPROACHES AGAINST THE PARASITE TOXOPLASMA GONDII. 2021

Rosalie C Warner, and Ryan C Chapman, and Brianna N Davis, and Paul H Davis

Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182.

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that affects both humans and livestock. Transmitted to humans through ingestion, it is the second-leading cause of foodborne illness-related death. Currently, there exists no approved vaccine for humans or most livestock against the parasite. DNA vaccines, a type of subunit vaccine which uses segments of the pathogen's DNA to generate immunity, have shown varying degrees of experimental efficacy against infection caused by the parasite. This review compiles DNA vaccine efforts against Toxoplasma gondii, segmenting the analysis by parasite antigen, as well as a review of concomitant adjuvant usage. No single antigenic group was consistently more effective within in vivo trials relative to others.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000088462	Microneme	Secretory organelle in the apical complex of parasitic phylum APICOMPLEXA (e.g., TOXOPLASMA GONDII). Microneme plays a role in junction formation between the parasite and the host cell by releasing micronemal proteins, which bind to receptors on the host cell surface enabling parasite attachment.	Sarconeme,Micronemes,Sarconemes
D000276	Adjuvants, Immunologic	Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.	Immunoactivators,Immunoadjuvant,Immunoadjuvants,Immunologic Adjuvant,Immunopotentiator,Immunopotentiators,Immunostimulant,Immunostimulants,Adjuvant, Immunologic,Adjuvants, Immunological,Immunologic Adjuvants,Immunological Adjuvant,Adjuvant, Immunological,Immunological Adjuvants
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000953	Antigens, Protozoan	Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.	Protozoan Antigens
D014122	Toxoplasma	A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.	Toxoplasma gondii,Toxoplasma gondius,Toxoplasmas,gondius, Toxoplasma
D014123	Toxoplasmosis	The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	Toxoplasma gondii Infection,Infection, Toxoplasma gondii
D016052	Protozoan Vaccines	Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.	Vaccines, Protozoan
D019444	Vaccines, DNA	Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.	DNA Vaccine,DNA Vaccines,Naked DNA Vaccine,Naked DNA Vaccines,Recombinant DNA Vaccine,Recombinant DNA Vaccines,Vaccines, Recombinant DNA,DNA Vaccine, Naked,DNA Vaccine, Recombinant,DNA Vaccines, Naked,DNA Vaccines, Recombinant,Vaccine, DNA,Vaccine, Naked DNA,Vaccine, Recombinant DNA,Vaccines, Naked DNA

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