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Toll-like receptor 4 activation in platelets from myocardial infarction patients. 2022
BACKGROUND Platelet toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is overexpressed in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) but it remains to elucidate if it is activated and the potential trigger. METHODS Serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and platelet aggregation (PA) by collagen alone or in combination with a TLR4 inhibitor (TLR4i) were studied ex vivo in platelets from 40 MI patients and 40 controls matched for age, sex and atherosclerotic risk factors; platelet TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and TIRAP-MyD88 interaction were also investigated by western blot and co-immunoprecipitation, respectively. In vitro experiments were conducted to see if LPS triggers platelet TIRAP phosphorylation. RESULTS Serum LPS was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (29.5±7.1 vs 16.2±3.8 pg/mL; p<0.001). Collagen-stimulated platelets from MI pre-treated with TLR4i showed a significant decrease of PA compared to platelets stimulated with collagen. Ex vivo study showed that TIRAP phosphorylation as well as TIRAP-MyD88 co-immunoprecipitation were higher in patients compared to controls. In vitro study showed that LPS, at concentrations like those found in MI, dose-dependently activated TIRAP and amplified the platelet response to the agonist, an effect blunted by TLR4i. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence that in MI patients platelet TLR4 is activated and suggests circulating LPS as potential trigger.
