Biomaterial Database

Regulation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Sphingolipids and Lysophosphatidic Acid. 2022

Supriya Vishwakarma, and Neha Arya, and Ashok Kumar

Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, India.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of cancer cells that interact with stromal components such as the extracellular matrix, blood, and lymphatic networks, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and the cells of the immune system. Further, the tumor immune microenvironment, majorly represented by the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC), plays an important role in cancer therapeutics and patient prognosis. In fact, a high density of TIICs within the tumor microenvironment is known to be associated with better outcomes in several types of cancers. Towards this, two bioactive lipid molecules, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), regulate the homing of immune cells to the TME. In the present review, we will uncover the role of LPA and S1P signaling in the tumor immune environment, highlighting the latest progress in this field.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008246	Lysophospholipids	Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.	Lysophosphatidic Acids,Lysophospholipid,Acids, Lysophosphatidic
D009369	Neoplasms	New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013107	Sphingolipids	A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one molecule of the long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine (4-sphingenine) or one of its derivatives, one molecule of a long-chain acid, a polar head alcohol and sometimes phosphoric acid in diester linkage at the polar head group. (Lehninger et al, Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd ed)	Lysosphingolipids,Sphingolipid
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D059016	Tumor Microenvironment	The milieu surrounding neoplasms consisting of cells, vessels, soluble factors, and molecules, that can influence and be influenced by, the neoplasm's growth.	Cancer Microenvironment,Cancer Microenvironments,Microenvironment, Cancer,Microenvironment, Tumor,Microenvironments, Cancer,Microenvironments, Tumor,Tumor Microenvironments