Left Ventricular Assist Device Pump Thrombosis in a Patient Treated with Apixaban. 2021

Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are currently the preferred agents for long-term anticoagulation in the appropriate patient with venous thromboembolism, non-valvular atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular thrombi because of their ease of use, fixed dosing, lack of need for routine monitoring, and limited dietary and drug interactions. However, warfarin is still the agent of choice for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). In this case report, we explore the outcome of using apixaban in a patient with an LVAD. CASE REPORT A 56-year-old woman with morbid obesity and stage D congestive heart failure status after HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD) placement 2 years prior, who was on long-term anticoagulation with apixaban after failure of warfarin therapy, presented to the Emergency Department with 2 months of worsening fatigue, dark urine, and 1 day of low-flow alarms from her HVAD. Laboratory and radiographic data were consistent with a diagnosis of pump thrombosis. She underwent pump exchange and was started on a heparin drip. Genetic testing for warfarin resistance was negative. Detailed history-taking revealed that the failure to maintain a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) was likely due to dietary factors. She was re-challenged with warfarin, and a therapeutic INR level was reached shortly after initiation. She was later discharged on a stable dose of warfarin and remained in a good clinical state without any major adverse events at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Apixaban can be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in patients with HVADs and should be used with caution and only in select patients.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D011720 Pyrazoles Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.
D011728 Pyridones Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring. Pyridinones
D005260 Female Females
D006353 Heart-Assist Devices Small pumps, often implantable, designed for temporarily assisting the heart, usually the LEFT VENTRICLE, to pump blood. They consist of a pumping chamber and a power source, which may be partially or totally external to the body and activated by electromagnetic motors. Artificial Ventricle,Heart Assist Device,Heart Ventricle, Artificial,Pumps, Heart-Assist,Vascular-Assist Device,Vascular-Assist Devices,Ventricle-Assist Device,Ventricular Assist Device,Artificial Heart Ventricle,Artificial Heart Ventricles,Artificial Ventricles,Assist Device, Heart,Assist Device, Ventricular,Assist Devices, Heart,Assist Devices, Ventricular,Device, Heart Assist,Device, Heart-Assist,Device, Vascular-Assist,Device, Ventricle-Assist,Device, Ventricular Assist,Devices, Heart Assist,Devices, Heart-Assist,Devices, Vascular-Assist,Devices, Ventricle-Assist,Devices, Ventricular Assist,Heart Assist Devices,Heart Ventricles, Artificial,Heart-Assist Device,Heart-Assist Pump,Heart-Assist Pumps,Pump, Heart-Assist,Pumps, Heart Assist,Vascular Assist Device,Vascular Assist Devices,Ventricle Assist Device,Ventricle, Artificial,Ventricle, Artificial Heart,Ventricle-Assist Devices,Ventricles, Artificial,Ventricles, Artificial Heart,Ventricular Assist Devices
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D013927 Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in BLOOD VESSELS. Atherothrombosis,Thrombus,Blood Clot,Blood Clots,Thromboses
D054556 Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. Thromboembolism, Venous

Related Publications

Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
January 2018, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
August 2020, ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992),
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
April 2021, Heart, lung & circulation,
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
April 2020, ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992),
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
January 2019, ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992),
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
November 2015, JACC. Heart failure,
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
January 2023, Kardiologia polska,
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
January 2018, ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992),
Mansour A Alkhunaizi, and Basim Ali
January 2022, Heart & lung : the journal of critical care,
Copied contents to your clipboard!