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mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. 2022
Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran, and
Kerri J St Denis, and
Angelique Hoelzemer, and
Evan C Lam, and
Adam D Nitido, and
Maegan L Sheehan, and
Cristhian Berrios, and
Onosereme Ofoman, and
Christina C Chang, and
Blake M Hauser, and
Jared Feldman, and
Alex L Roederer, and
David J Gregory, and
Mark C Poznansky, and
Aaron G Schmidt, and
A John Iafrate, and
Vivek Naranbhai, and
Alejandro B Balazs
Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: wgarciabeltran@mgh.harvard.edu.
Recent surveillance has revealed the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1/B.1.1.529) harboring up to 36 mutations in spike protein, the target of neutralizing antibodies. Given its potential to escape vaccine-induced humoral immunity, we measured the neutralization potency of sera from 88 mRNA-1273, 111 BNT162b, and 40 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. We included individuals that received their primary series recently (<3 months), distantly (6-12 months), or an additional "booster" dose, while accounting for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Remarkably, neutralization of Omicron was undetectable in most vaccinees. However, individuals boosted with mRNA vaccines exhibited potent neutralization of Omicron, only 4-6-fold lower than wild type, suggesting enhanced cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibody responses. In addition, we find that Omicron pseudovirus infects more efficiently than other variants tested. Overall, this study highlights the importance of additional mRNA doses to broaden neutralizing antibody responses against highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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